高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 On January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.

The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins. Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.

Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner. France's food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110,000 tons of goods received annually, only 36,000 tons comes from supermarkets. Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.

Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France; an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.

（1）What should stores do with nearly-expired food? A. Throw it away. B. Send it to the hungry. C. Store it in refrigerators. D. Give it away to food banks. （2）What does the underlined word \"excess\" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Extra. B. Cheap. C. Seasonal. D. Returned. （3）What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?

A. They have a lot of expired food. B. They will get much benefit from the law. C. Their food is enough for the people in need. D. Their food mainly comes from supermarkets.

（4）What does Dermabarsh plan to do?

A. Build more food banks in France. B. Make the law take effect in more places. C. Organize a campaign to promote this law. D. Raise consumers awareness of waste reduction.

【答案】（1）D （2）A （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家。而即将过期食品的捐赠对人们和社会都有积极的影响。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家，之后文章就此展开。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. ”此外，像酸奶或牛奶这样的过剩商品可能很快就会变质，现在可以直接捐赠给食品银行。由此推知划线词的意思是“额外的，过量的”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.”可知，Bailet认为他们将从法律中得到很多好处。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations.”可知，Dermabarsh计划让法律在更多的地方生效。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Paying a higher price than usual for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the annoyance of many a cinema-goer's life.

But there may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.

The research found that people who watched a movie in 3D improved cognitive (认知) skills, compared to those who watched it in 2D.

The research was led by neuroscientist(神经学家) Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero 6 in either standard format or RealD 3D.

They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a section from the film. The test covered memory, reaction times and cognitive function and the results were compared later.

According to the research, which was carried out in partnership with science group Thrill Laboratory, participants experienced a 23 percent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction times.

Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain power in the future.

\"These findings are more significant than you might think,\" he said. \"It is a fact that people are living longer and there is a noticeable decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can worsen future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study show that 3D films may potentially play a role in slowing this decline.\"

A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets that scanned brain activity and this too showed heightened (加强的) activity when watching 3D. According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life—something Professor Brendan Walker from Thrill Laboratory agreed with.

\"As Professor Brendan Walker's test concluded, 3D films are more attractive and heighten the senses — this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds,\" Dr Fagan said. （1）According to the research, people watching a movie in 3D ________. A. have a good exercise for their brain B. lose their short memory of its plots C. are willing to pay a high price for tickets D. react the same way as those watching it in 2D （2）What can be learned from the research? A. Watching 2D films limits brain function.

B. 3D would be a contributing factor in improving brain power. C. The test was carried out after the whole film was viewed. D. The participants took the brain-training-style test once. （3）Paragraph 8 is mainly about ________.

A. the application of 3D B. the disadvantages of 2D films C. the change in brain function D. the significance of the study （4）The text is most likely to appear in ________.

A. a sports newspaper B. a biology textbook C. a science magazine D. a film review 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍3D电影对人的大脑的益处。

( 1 )细节理解题。根据第二段as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests. 可知，看3D电影能锻炼大脑。故选A。

( 2 )推理判断题。根据第二段But there may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.可知，3D电影是一个促进大脑力量的因素。故选B。

( 3 )段落大意题。根据第八段第一句These findings are more significant than you might think（这些发现比你想象的更重要）可知，选D。

( 4 )推理判断题。3D电影是高科技产品，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上，故选

C。

3．阅读理解

Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.

Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.

Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.

Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?

But there's a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over in the workplace.

The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?

Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.

Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.

（1）What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?

A. Tired B. Cautious C. Careful D. Anxious （2）What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?

A. How passengers behave in it. B. How robot drivers get the license.

C. How they avoid crashing into other car. D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street. （3）The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s ________. A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots

C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs （4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Robots will control the world in every field B. Robots are coming but not soon enough C. Robots are being used in our daily life D. Robots can drive cars and write music 【答案】（1）D （2）D

（3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（1）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。

（2）细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。

（3）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。

（4）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。

【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

4．阅读理解

A 12-year-old with end stage cancer, the child's parents had recently moved her from the hospital to her home in the suburbs of Los Angeles. Some days later the girl's breath quickened, and her father phoned the family's hospice nurse. Please come, he said.

The nurse knew the visit would require more than four hours of her time: a two-hour drive in each direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don't we connect over FaceTime, she asked. The father agreed, and they connected.

The nurse asked the father to move his daughter gently to her side, then to her back, to lift the child's shirt. The nurse would ask: What do you see, what concerns you, and the father would explain. In this fashion the pair examined the girl --- the nurse on her computer, the father his iPad. Together they decided that the nurse's presence was not necessary, that the child had more time.

Later, the father reported feeling comforted by the nurse. He appreciated her availability, the fact that she could see what he saw, and their ability to discuss it in real time.

Telemedicine has become a trend in America. Some hospitals have gone so far as to specially design telemedicine clinics. The room is staged like an office but with better lighting. There's a nice desk for the clinician to sit behind, a computer situated stage left, and books in the background. A physician taking a video call from home might wear a pair of headphones, equipped with a mic --- to ensure whatever the patient says isn't broadcast to anyone off-camera.

However, there is something more than the technology bit. According to David, the head of the telemedicine pilot the girl's family had been part of, there are some people who are great in person and you put them on camera they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are camera shy. For others, the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.” He adds.

“My experience is that, once you get past some initial hurdles, you can maintain an intimate, immediate connection with patients that in some cases may be more useful than even in-person interactions,” David says.

（1）Why did the nurse suggesting connecting via FaceTime?

A. Because she was not allowed to leave her clinic. B. Because she had to take care of other patients in the clinic.

C. Because it took too much time on her way to patient's home. D. Because the father didn't pay for her fare of transportation.

（2）How did the father think of the telemedicine service?

A. He doubted the quality of the service. B. He thought highly of the service. C. He insisted the service be improved. D. He challenged the authority of the nurse. （3）What do we know about the rooms for telemedicine?

A. Better air conditioners are provided for a comfortable environment. B. Mics are equipped to protect privacy of patients.

C. Professional books are in place for immediate consultation. D. The room with a computer is situated in the doctor's home.

（4）What challenges may clinicians face in telemedicine?

A. They are afraid of being isolated from patients. B. They could not examine the patients carefully.

C. They are required to deal with in-person interactions. D. They may not feel quite themselves in front of a camera. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程医疗已经成为美国的一种趋势．有些医院甚至专门设计了远程医疗诊所。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The nurse knew the visit would require more than four hours of her time: a two-hour drive in each direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don't we connect over FaceTime, she asked.”可知，护士建议通过视频通话是因为需要太多的时间她才能到达病人的家。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He appreciated her availability, the fact that she could see what he saw, and their ability to discuss it in real time.”可知，这位父亲感激这位护士的帮助，感激护士可以看到他看见的并和他进行实时讨论，因此推断这位父亲高度赞扬这样的服务。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“equipped with a mic --- to ensure whatever the

patient says isn't broadcast to anyone off-camera.”可知，远程治疗室配备了麦克风确保病人的隐私。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“…there are some people who are great in person and you put them on camera they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are camera shy. For others, the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.” He adds.可知，一些内科医生在镜头面前是害羞的。因此推断在远程诊疗时，医生在镜头面前会感到不舒服。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test

I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs. But sometimes I play brain games. Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test. Real Chess

Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste. It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world. You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more. The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well. Juice Cubes

Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels. There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550+ levels to keep you addicted.

It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels. WordBrain 2

A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided. Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space. And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck. Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it. Puzzlerama

Puzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers. It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more. There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.

The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play. （1）What is special about Real chess?

A. It is a light and colorful game. B. It is a funny word game. C. It is a 3D virtual chess game. D. It has hundreds of levels. （2）If you're good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?

A. Real Chess. B. Juice Cubes. C. WordBrain 2. D. Puzzlerama. （3）Which games are likey to have bright and different colors in the interface design?

A. Real Chess&WordBrain 2 B. Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2 C. WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama D. Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种游戏测试你的大脑。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Real Chess部分中的“It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.“可知，Real chess是一个3D虚拟象棋游戏。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据WordBrain 2部分中的“A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就是WordBrain 2。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Juice Cubes部分中的“Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levls”和Puzzlerama部分中的“The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.”可知，Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes有鲜艳、不同的颜色。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants. Except for its flowers, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked. It's almost leafless, thread-like stems hang down on top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive. Dodder does not produce its own food. Instead, it steals food from other plants. It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around, often making its host very weak or even killing it.

Dodder can find other plants by their smell. When a young dodder plant starts growing, it follows the smell of plants it prefers, like tomato plants, potato plants, or other farm crops. Unlike most plants that usually grow in the direction of light or warmth, a dodder plant will grow in the direction of, for example, tomato smell—if a tomato happens to be growing nearby.

However, a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly. It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it. If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up and vanish even if there is plenty of water around. Once it finds a host, the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster. At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.

Dodder is thus a difficult weed to manage and a real headache for farmers. When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer's harvest or even destroy crops completely. Before sowing their produce, especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds. This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.

（1）Why does the author mention spaghetti in the first paragraph?

A. To analyze the content of some food. B. To introduce the topic of this passage. C. To tell the usage of the dodder plants. D. To describe the shape of dodder plants. （2）What does the underlined word “vanish” in the third paragraph mean? A. invade. B. grow. C. escape. D. disappear. （3）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Dodder doesn't produce its own food. B. Dodder gives off smell to attract plants. C. Dodder can affect farmers' income. D. Dodder can only survive in the shade. （4）What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new variety of farm crops. B. To introduce plants that are harmful to humans.

C. To introduce the special abilities of a dangerous plant. D. To introduce recent improvements in farming methods. 【答案】（1）D （2）D （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种有特殊生长习性，危害农作物生长的攀附植物——菟丝子。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Except for its flowers, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked.”可推断，作者把菟丝子和意大利面条相比是用人们熟悉的东西来说明它的形状，故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up”可知，菟丝子如果不能很快找到可以寄生的植物，它就会变干，因此推断即使周围有许多水它也会消失死亡。故画线词“vanish”与D项disappear“消失”意义相近。故选D。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer's harvest or even destroy crops completely.”可知，当菟丝子失去控制，也就是疯狂的生长，菟丝子可以极大减少农民的收成，甚至完全摧毁庄稼。因此推断菟丝子会影响农民们的收入。故选C。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants.”和下文对菟丝子特殊的生长习性和危害的叙述可知，文章的写作目的是主要介绍这种特殊又有危害的植物——菟丝子。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it

will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. （1）What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers can't think by themselves. C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines. （2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots. B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.

C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves. D. “Murderbots” will be against humans' orders.

（3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop. B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.

C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars. D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A B. Scientist B C. Scientists B & C D. Scientists B & A 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean

large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。

(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different

music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home. （1）The passage is mainly about ________. A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers C. some special services from super shopping malls D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions （2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion. B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers. C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits. D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular. （3）How does music have an effect on consumers? A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping. B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop. C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping. D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited. （5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph? A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays. B. People should spend more time at home with family members. C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies. D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。 （1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years ago—superconductivity (超导体技术).

Used today only in specialized equipment, super conductors have the potential to radically change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller, more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles with electric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something that even the best of conductors such as copper and silver cannot—they do away with all electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great.

The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed in 1911 by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who cooled mercury (水银) to temperatures below -269℃ with liquid helium (氦). Then in January last year, two IBM scientists, K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz, found a metal oxide ceramic (氧化陶瓷) that superconducted at -243℃. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was

confirmed at a scientific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.

（1）As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity ____________. A. has already been developed B. is still under development

C. will be used only in specialized equipment D. will be used in daily lives in a few years （2）The new technology differs from the others in that ____________.

A. it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the world B. it began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world

C. it is being cultivated in research labs around the world D. it is accessible to physicists who are intelligent and rich

（3）From the passage, we may conclude that ____________.

A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technology B. Dutch scientists kept reporting new findings for the last 75 years

C. IBM scientists' report receive immediate attention all over the world D. the West was astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians

（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Prospect of a New Technology B. Superconductivity: A New Technology C. A New Technology: The Key to Change the Way of Our Lives D. A New Technology: A Joint Effort of Many Countries 【答案】（1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. ”一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形成新的产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的“The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money”技术还处于早期阶段，那些决定投资于人才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在最前线。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在

最前线；以及最后一段中的“Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.”今天，日本，印度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Two of the saddest words in the English language are \"if only\". I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.

My father is famous in our family for saying, \"Take the extra minute to do it right.\" I always try to live by the \"extra minute\" rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an \"if only\" moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.

I don't only avoid those \"if only\" moments when it comes to safety. It's equally important to avoid \"if only\" in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say \"I love you\" or \"I forgive you.\" When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't be here. But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.

I know there will still be occasions when I have to say \"if only\" about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I'm doing the right thing. I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being. （1）Which of the following is an example of the \"extra minute\" rule? A.Start the car the moment everyone is seated. B.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working. C.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better. D.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.

（2）The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______. A.keep her appointment with the eye doctor B.meet her father who was already an old man C.join in the holiday celebration of the company

D.finish her work before the deadline approached

（3）The underlined word \"foregone\" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A.abandoned B.lacked C.avoided D.taken

（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.To Keep Emotional Well-being B.To Prevent \"If Only\" Moments C.To Follow the Most Useful Rule D.To Achieve the Peace of Mind 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者认为英语中最悲伤的两个词语是\"if only\"，因为他们表达了遗憾。父亲在作者小的时候经常让她提前做一些能防止意外发生的事，因此她懂得珍惜现在所拥有的一切，而且知道自己正在做对的事。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一、二段可知，作者所说的“extra minute”rule是指在遇事时多思考一分钟，从而可以避免以后遗憾、犯错或失望，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him.”可知，父亲说在周五去看眼科医生时经过作者的办公室，虽然那天是假日，但作者想到父亲八十四了，自己不应该放弃每一次见父亲的机会，于是又改口说那天上班。由此可知作者决定在星期五去她的办公室，是为了见她已经年迈的父亲。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据划线词所在句and前后连接语意相似成分，由其前“失去一个心爱的人或物”可推知此处是指“后悔放弃一个机会”可知，foregone的意思是“放弃”，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文叙述了作者通过“extra minute”rule来避免以后说“if only”的情况。“if only”作为线索贯穿了整篇文章，且第一段也提到了the saddest words，其他选项比较笼统，不能涵盖本文内容。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“防止出现if only的情况”，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 These days, I walk down the steps leading toward the south end of the All England Club in Wimbledon, and still look for the Crow's Nest, a small green observation tower with an outer ladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds, but which has since been knocked

down.

The Crow's Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.

Twenty-seven years later, the press room has touch screens that allow us to watch live videos from any court, and even go back to watch key moments in key matches long after they have finished. You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.

More than at any other tennis tournament, there is also an appetite for stories that deal with the setting, the history and the traditions.

If they change the price of the fish tacos (鱼肉卷饼) at the United States Open, it's not a story. If they change the price of the strawberries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It's time to email your editor using capital letters.

The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be played. Now tennis is a sure thing on Centre Court, which has made tennis reporters a bit less creative. But at least it guarantees us daily access to the most atmospheric place in the sport. So much has changed, but Centre Court remains true to its original spirit: more a theater than a stadium. Catching that feeling is part of covering Wimbledon, too. （1）What did the author do on the Crow's Nest in the past?

A. He made friends with reporters. B. He reported on tennis matches.

C. He appreciated the beautiful scenery. D. He exchanged experiences with tennis players. （2）What does the author think of the new way of covering Wimbledon? A. It lacks fun. B. It is expensive C. It is not convenient. D. It is not quick enough （3）Why does the author mention strawberries and cream?

A. To compare popular foods. B. To introduce the typical treat at Wimbledon. C. To describe people's craze for traditional dishes. D. To show the traditions of Wimbledon are an attraction.

（4）What difference does the new roof make?

A. Audiences have easier access to a tennis court. B. There's less fun in watching Wimbledon indoors.

C. Reporters are struggling to find original material. D. rainy-day stories about Wimbledon have become history. 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）D （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者追忆对温网的报道。虽然发生了很大的变化，但中心球场仍然忠于它的原始精神：与其说是体育场，不如说是一座剧院。捕捉这种感觉也是报道温网的一部分。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The Crow’s Nest was a particularly useful point,

because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.”可知，过去作者在the Crow’s Nest报道了网球比赛。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.”可知，作者认为报道温网的新方式缺乏乐趣。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If they change the price of the strawberries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It’s time to email your editor using capital letters.”可知，作者提到草莓和奶油是为了展示温布尔登的传统是一种吸引。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be played.”可知，新屋顶使关于温布尔登的雨天故事已经成为历史。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the tree's base, its engine on fire.

Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver's seat ought to have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20- year-old Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the driver's side window, in visible pain. Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the front seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the car's back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife he'd brought with him, he cut through Thompson's seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.

It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, \"My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly.\" For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world. （1）Where was the first sound actually from? A.A house on fire. B.A car crash. C.The bedroom window. D.The basement.

（2）What do we know about Quintin Thompson? A.He saved his car from fire.

B.He was successfully rescued. C.He remained calm all the time. D.He was capable of helping himself out.

（3）Which of the following best explains \"empathy\" underlined in the last paragraph? A.Honesty. B.Wisdom. C.Sympathy. D.Responsibility.

（4）Which words can best describe Damian Languell? A.Daring and generous. B.Caring and grateful. C.Courageous and noble. D.Ambitious and reliable. 【答案】 （1）B （2）B （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Damian Languell勇敢地救出了一起车祸中的幸存者Quintin Thompson，因为他的英勇行为，Languell被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine.”清晨8点15分， Damian Languell被吵醒的声音太大了，以至于他以为那声音是从缅因州Wade的家中传出来的；以及“A car wrapped around the tree's base, its engine on fire.”一辆汽车绕在树的底部，发动机着火了，可推知，第一个声音实际上是车祸发出的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.”现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方，可知，Quintin Thompson成功获救。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly.”我很同情汤普森。当你接近那种程度的伤害时，你会直接感受到)可推知，正是这种同情心促使Languell伸出援手的，可知，划线单词意思为“同情心”。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“So Languell opened the car's back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife he'd brought with him, he cut through Thompson's seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.”他用随身携带的小刀割断了Thompson的安全带。现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方)可知，Languell不怕危险将Thompson从车里救了出来。由此可知，Languell很勇敢；根据最后一段中For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.(因为他的

英勇行为，朗格尔被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单可推知，Languell的行为很高尚。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.

As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.

Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.

Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.

Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.

If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.

This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist. （1）The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT . A.the right amount of atmosphere B.our own solar system C.steady heat and light D.the right distance from the sun

（2）Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A.The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth. B.Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life. C.Double stars can provide steady light and heat.

D.The distance between a planet and its sun should be right. （3）What kind of planet might NOT support life? A.Most of the planets of the stars. B.Stars similar to our sun. C.Planets similar to the earth. D.Planets with proper conditions.

（4）At the end of the passage the author suggests that . A.it is impossible for life to exist on planets B.earthlike life could only exist on a few planets C.life could exist on only one planet in a million D.life could exist on a great number of planets 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，整个宇宙都是由同一种物质构成的，物质在宇宙的每一部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，我们有理由猜测，其他恒星，以及它们自己的行星，都是以与我们太阳系相同的方式诞生的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的条件，生命就会出现。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere”；第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light.”以及第五段中“Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun”可知，生命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知，生命也需要稳定的光和热供应。这就排除了双星，或突然爆发的恒星。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet.”可知，大部分行星都不能维持生命，因为他们要么离太阳太近，要么离太阳太远，要么与地球大小和重量不一样，而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命确实。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.”可知， 然而，即使生命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上，但仍有数十亿的行星可能存在生命。可知，生命可能在许多星球存在。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures. Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. \"Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.\"

Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, \"You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it.\"

Another journalist says, \"More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.\"

In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, \"Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.\" And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. \"Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.\" Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, \"a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story\". And, \"if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.\"

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________. A.clicks count a lot B.resources are limited C.budgets are tight D.journalists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth. B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.

C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online. D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online? A.Negative. B.Supportive. C.Skeptical. D.Neutral.

（4）What is the best title of the passage? A.Spread of false stories. B.Causes of online false news. C.Duties of journalists.

D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”可知Brooke Binkowski认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

Twenty-five years ago, as a parent educator, I began reading about the dangers of praise. I was completely shocked by what I was learning: praise is not good for our kids. How could that be? So I spent years talking with experts, reading about the effects of praise, and finally decided to close the door on praise and focus on building an encouraging family.

Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, \"How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?\" I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.

If we tell a boy \"You are so smart!\" when he brings home an A in his math test, how does he feel when he comes home with a D? If we've told him that he is smart, then he will more likely feel a failure when he struggles with homework — \"I'm supposed to be smart. Why can't I do this?\"

Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a \"great job\" they are doing.

This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, \"Do you like it?\" \"Did I do a good job?\" \"Are you proud of me?\" They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children. Without even realizing it, parents may be using praise as a tool to direct the child's behavior. The message is clear — I approve of you when you … and I do not approve of you when you … Living with this kind of constant judgment can damage not only the child's confidence but also the relationship.

The solution to the problem of praise is encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any time, to anyone, in any situation. It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice. Hearing \"You are so smart!\" can leave a child at a loss when they don't do well in a test. Using \"That took a lot of work to come home with an A in your test …\" gives a child the chance to be something else.

（1）What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?

A. Many parents can't get on well with their children. B. The author never shows any approval to his children.

C. It's hard for many parents to believe praise is harmful. D. The author spent 25 years changing people's opinion on praise.

（2）According to the passage, it seems that parents' praise ______. A. can lead to children's being smart B. might have just the opposite effect C. is a good tool to educate their children D. helps them get along well with their children （3）Which of the following is a good example of encouragement?

A. You are very good at math. B. You are the best artist I have ever seen. C. You have a problem and you have to fix it. D. You didn't think you could finish in time, but you did. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了表扬对孩子成长的害处并提出建议我们应该多鼓励。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段作者的经历以及第二段中的“Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, ‘How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?’ I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.”可知很多父母不相信表扬是有害的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a ‘great job’ they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, ‘Do you like it?’‘Did I do a good job?’ ‘Are you proud of me?’They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. ”以及第五段中的“Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children.”可知表扬可能会起到适得其反的效果，所以选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice.“可知鼓励是一个评论，认可，你个对于努力，

进步，选择的陈述，所以选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

The University of Sheffield Back to its origin

The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students. More information

System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.

City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with 150 of his loyal friends. And Charlotte Bronte, the English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre was born in Sheffield.

（1）Sheffield is in the of England.

A. east B. west C. south D. north （2）Which statement about the University of Sheffield is not TRUE?

A. It has a good fame for many great graduates. B. It has a long history of more than 180 years.

C. It is one member of “red brick” universities. D. It owns different departments and research programs.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. Sheffield has very beautiful scenery. B. Charlotte Bronte is an English writer. C. Sheffield is the biggest city of England. D. Robin Hood is a character in Jane Eyre. 【答案】（1）D

（2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谢菲尔德大学的发展历史和学院设置，同时也介绍了谢菲尔德这座城市。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England”可知，该城市位于英格兰的北部。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield ,which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter in1905”可知，1905年这所大学才正式批准，故其历史不到180年。故B项错误，选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there ...within the city.”其中关键信息“ the greenest city in Europe”;“the greenest city in England”可以推断出是Sheffield有优美的风景。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.

This could be because I am not actually a mother. Until recently, I was not a \"real\" stepmother either. But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us full-time. In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.

Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sort-of-step-mother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in. With my sort-of-steppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns. I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority – but not too much.

Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.

To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care. It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position. （1）Which of the following is true about Bernardo?

A. Bernardo seldom cares about the kids. B. Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.

C. Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids. D. Bernardo doesn't recognize his wife as a

\"real\" stepmother.

（2）What does the author think of her role in the family?

A. She was totally favored by the kids. B. She has acted as an enemy of the kids. C. She didn't have any influence in the family. D. She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.

（3）What's the author's advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph? A. Be partly engaged in kids' life. B. Care little about kids' behavior.

C. Seldom get involved in kids' homework. D. Become the absolute authority of the family. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作为一个继母应该如何与孩子相处才是一个适当的度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.”Bernardo再婚让妻子搬进家里，还要征求孩子们的同意，由此可推断出Bernardo尊重孩子的意见。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority ...”我走上了一条微妙的道路，既是成年孩子的朋友，又是孩子与父亲的之间影响的桥梁，既是家里的女主人，又是权威人物…”故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position.”可知，作者对于继母的建议就是部分地参与到孩子们的生活中。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

Atop almost every Tokyo visitor's must-see list, Harajuku is one of the city's most named-checked neighborhoods. Here's a quick look at some of the highlights every Harajuku visitor should experience. Takeshita Street

The first thing you're going to want to do is get sucked into the vortex of Takeshita Street, the best place to try purikuru photo booths and observe the latest cosplay trends - from Cothic Lolita to cyberpunk.

WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering the latest trends and a section for vintage clothes. Tutuanna is where you can find interesting socks that will add an ample dose of kawaii to your outfit. Cat Street

Cat Street is more relaxing place to stroll and shop, with stores focusing on higher-end brands. RAGTAG is the best place to find second-hand items. Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes, including baseball team happi coats and traditional kimonos. Omotesando Avenue

Another famous shopping street Omotesando Avenue is a large, tree-lined thoroughfare that cuts through Harajuku and is filled with hundreds of shops and restaurants.

Sukajyan Dept, a tiny souvenir jacket store, is packed with the works of Ken Kakinuma. TOKYU Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is where you'll find that famous mirrored entranceway that so many travelers share on the internet.

（1）If you want to buy vintage clothing, where should you go? A.WEGO & Tutuanna. B.Sukajyan Dept & RAGTAG. C.WEGO & Harajuku Chicago. D.RAGTAG & Harajuku Chicago.

（2）When visiting Omotesando Avenue, you may . A.buy interesting socks. B.take a relaxing walk. C.try purikura photo booths.

D.post the mirrored entranceway online.

（3）Which section of the website may the text be chosen from? A.Travel. B.Business. C.Entertainment. D.Fashion. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了东京原 宿 三 条 著名的商业街及其特色。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Takeshita Street部分中的”WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering... vintage clothes”可知，WEGO销售老式衣服；根据Cat Street 部分中的 “Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes”可知， Harajuku Chicago 也卖老式衣服。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Omotesando Avenue部分中的”Tokyu Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is... that so many travelers share on the Internet” 可知，原宿表参道东急购物中心是许多游客在网上分享的著名的有镜子的入口的地方。可推知，在参观表参道大街的时候，你可能做的事情是找到在网上发布有镜子的入口。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Atop almost every Tokyo visitor's must-see list”和”every Harajuku visitor should experience”和下文的内容可知，本文主要为旅游者介绍东京原宿的旅游商业街。可知，本文可能选自网站的旅游版块。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 Italian film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni. The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

In 1939 in the Kingdom of Italy, a bookstore keeper Guido, who is a Jew, falls in love with a local school teacher, Dora, who is to be engaged to a rich civil servant. Guido steals her from her engagement party on a horse. Soon they are married and have a son, Giosue.

In 1945, Guido and his son are forced onto a train and taken to a concentration camp. Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family. In the camp, Guido hides their true situation from his son, telling him that the camp is a complicated game in which Giosue must perform the tasks Guido gives him, earning him points；the first team to reach 1,000 points will win a tank.

Guido uses this game to explain features of the concentration camp that would otherwise be scary for a young child. Despite being surrounded by the misery, sickness and death at the camp, Giosue does not question this fiction because of his father's convincing performance and his own innocence. Guido keeps the story right until the end when, in the chaos（混乱）of shutting down the camp as the Americans approach, he tells his son to stay in a small box until everybody has left, this being the final competition before the tank is his. Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the game by marching in a goose-step on purpose…

（1）How many Academy Awards does the film win?

A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four （2）What kind of person is Dora?

A. Loving and responsible. B. Money-loving and foolish. C. Romantic and hot-headed. D. Brave and intelligent （3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Guido lies to make their life more interesting. B. Giosue regards all that happens as a game.

C. Nazi soldiers killed all the Jews in the camp. D. Giosue finally knows the truth. （4）This passage is most probably taken from a(n) ________.

A. game brochure B. travel journal C. history book D. entertainment magazine 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，作者详细介绍了这部电影的内容。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The film was a critical and financial success, winning

Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.”可知Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family.可”知虽然Dora不是犹太人，但是她决定和她的家人一起前往集中营，由此可知Dora非常痴情和负责任，故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the game by marching in a goose-step on purpose…”可知Guido马上就要被一名纳粹士兵杀死了，但他仍然故意走正步，好像在做游戏，由此推断出Giosue把发生的一切都当作一个游戏，故选B。 (4)考查推理判断。本文介绍了Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，并且作者对于这部电影的内容进行了详细的介绍，所以这篇文章最可能出自一本娱乐杂志，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

20．阅读理解

Celeste Ng,a new writer,has gained recognition for her first novel,Everything I Never Told You. Ng's parents came from Hong Kong,China in the 1960s.Ng was born in America and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,and Shaker Heights,Ohio,in a family of scientists.Celeste went to Harvard University and earned an MFA from the University of Michigan,where she won the Hopwood Award.

Although her novel is not about race,the characters are Asian.The main character is Lydia,a teenage girl,who is the favorite of three children born to a white mother and a Chinese-American father.The story is about Lydia's disappearance,and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.The whole family deals with sorrow, regret,and exposed secrets as they search for their lost daughter.

Though the characters in this story are Asian,Ng says she didn't really want to include Asian characters.She was afraid people would think the story was about real people in her life.Because she grew up in America and doesn't speak Chinese,she was actually surprised that she included.Asian characters in the book.

The book has taken off,especially on Amazon,where it won the Editor's Pick for No.1 Best Book of the Year in 2014.Ng is still getting used to the attention,saying she is still amazed when people tell her they have read her book. With so many readers,it's safe to say this is a book you should read.But if you're looking for a simple mystery,this book might not be for you.Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry. （1）The novel Everything I Never Told You______.

A. focuses on a family with a missing child B. discusses the ways to get rid of regret C. exposes the secret of the American world D. talks about the life of teenagers in America

（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to Celeste Ng?

A. She wanted to help the Asian people. B. She was surprised she wrote about Asian characters.

C. She was born in Hong Kong and grew up in America. D. She wanted people to know the characters were real people in her life.

（3）How do most readers probably find the book? A. It's about race. B. It's a sad story. C. It's a simple mystery. D. It has a surprising ending. （4）What is the text mainly about?

A. Celeste Ng and her family. B. The awards Celeste Ng won. C. Celeste Ng's learning experience. D. Celeste Ng and her best-known novel. 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个著名的女作家Celeste Ng 以及她的畅销书---Everything I Never Told You的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The story is about Lydia's disappearance, and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.”可知，Everything I Never Told You这部小说是关于一个有失踪女孩的家庭。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“she was actually surprised that she included.Asian characters in the book.”可知，她自己不会说中文，对自己写的书中的人物都是亚洲人物感到很吃惊。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry.”可知，人们都认为这是一本悲剧小说，看了会哭。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据文中介绍Celeste Ng写了一部小说，小说的内容以及人们对小说的感受。可知D项“Celeste Ng和她的小说”最能概括短文内容。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。