[感 悟 高 考] 一、名词
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________ (attract)．(2016·全国Ⅱ，61)
2．The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)
3．I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting)．(2015·全国Ⅰ，65) 4．My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)
答案 1.attraction 2.days 3.paintings 4.honest→honesty 二、主谓一致 单句语法填空
1．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.(2016·全国Ⅱ，63)
2．This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015·全国Ⅱ，68)
3．In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014·全国Ⅰ，61)
4．It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.(2015·湖南，27)
5．All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南，32)
答案 1.is 2.goes 3.was 4.is；takes 5.is [考 点 清 单] 名词
考点一 可数名词复数的规则变化
规则❶ 以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros (zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos (volcanoes)火山。
规则❷ 以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕，scarfs (scarves) 围巾。 考点二 可数名词的不规则变化 规则❶ 常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese中国人；Japanese 日本人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。 规则❷ 自身有特殊变化的名词
child→children man→men tooth→teeth foot→feet mouse→mice phenomenon→phenomena medium→media
考点三 不可数名词
规则❶ 通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议；furniture家具；fun乐趣；information信息；news新闻；weather天气；progress进步；wealth财富；value价值等。
规则❷ 抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
单词 success pleasure beauty comfort delight failure surprise shock pride honor 抽象名词意义 成功 乐趣 美；美丽 安慰；慰藉 高兴 失败 惊奇 震惊 骄傲 荣幸 具体化名词意义 成功的人或事 令人高兴的事 美丽的人或事物 令人感到安慰的人或事物 令人高兴的事 失败的人或事物 令人惊奇的事情 令人震惊的事情 令人骄傲的事情 令人荣幸的事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
It's a great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.我很荣幸今天在这里和大家一起分享我学习英语的经验。
规则❸ 物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 一根头发 考点四 名词所有格
规则❶ 用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-'s 或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-'s或'。
Tom's and Jim's rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim's room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
规则❷ 表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber's在理发店 at the teacher's在老师办公室
规则❸ “名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。 a play of Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一个戏剧 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 [考 点 清 单] 主谓一致
考点一 语法一致原则
规则❶ 动名词、动词不定式、主语从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
规则❷ 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
规则❸ and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。 A famous writer and poet is to give a talk. 一位著名的作家兼诗人将要作一次报告。
规则❹ 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“it＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。 It is I who am going to be a pilot. 是我将成为一名飞行员。
Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.
有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
规则❺ “more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 考点二 意义一致原则
规则❶ 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiments. 全班学生都在做实验。
规则❷ “分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆盖着。
规则❸ “the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
规则❹ a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
＝With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities
of good earth are being washed away each year. 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
规则❺ “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
A number of students have gone for an outing. 许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。
规则❻ 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。 考点三 就近一致原则
规则❶ 当or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk. 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。
规则❷ 在here，there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.教学楼在两排树之间。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. ＝ There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 [正 误 探 究]
1．【误】My mother as well as my father are engineers. 【正】My mother as well as my father is an engineer.
【探究】as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语要和as well as前的主语保持一致。 2．【误】It's__great__honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.
【正】It's__a__great__honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.
【探究】honor前有形容词great修饰，这是抽象名词具体化，其前要加冠词。 [易 错 防 范]
易错点 抽象名词具体化
In most countries，a university degree can give you________ flying start in life. 误填 /
答案 a [抽象名词start前有flying修饰，因此被具体化，意为“一个飞跃性的开始”，故填不定冠词a。句意：在许多国家，一个大学学位能给你的人生一个飞跃性的开始。]
【点拨】物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。 [针 对 训 练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A needle and thread ________ (give) to her，but she could not sew the button on.
2．Between the two rows of trees ________ (stand) the teaching building. 3．This is because two thirds of the earth's surface ________ (be) made up of vast oceans.
4．The total number of the population in China ________ (be) about 1，320 million.
5．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ (wear) evening dress.
6．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ (be) tired of having one examination after another.
7．In the rush hour，there were so many cars and ________ (bus) on the road，so I was stuck.
8．More than 300 ________ (coach) have been invited to the meeting. 9．They took some ________ (photo) when they visited China.
10．Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ (be) going to visit Beijing next year.
答案 1.was given 2.stands 3.is 4.is 5.wears 6．are 7.buses 8.coaches 9.photos 10.is Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1．The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
2．One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 3．Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
4．My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.
5．For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
6．Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.
7．Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.
8．It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goals.
9．Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday. 10．Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time. 答案 1.airs→air 2.parent→parents 3.step→steps 4.side→sides 5.第一个hour→hours 6.have→has 7.deskmate→deskmate's 8.goals→goal 9.were→was 10．were→was
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Robots used for housework __1__ (test) out in some __2__(family)．Tony，one of the __3__(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，__4__ (curious) drove him to have a try on
such a new thing.So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the __5__(hostess) trust.He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make-up she wore and giving her advice on her personal __6__(dress)．Therefore at the party all her guests who __7__(invite) were filled with __8__(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company __9__(be)satisfied with Tony's report and believed it was a __10__ (succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence and fall in love with him.
答案 1.were tested 2.families 3.robots 4.curiosity 5．hostess' 6.dresses 7.were invited 8.admiration 9．was 10.success\\
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