2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题13 【名词性从句】语法增分攻略原题版
解题指导·触类旁通 寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
1.两步突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether； 2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词； 3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1.利用2个技巧破解名词性从句
技巧1 分析句子成分
①缺少主语、宾语、表语：用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 ②缺少状语(结合句意判断)：用连接副词where(表地点)、 when(表时间)、 how(表方式)、 why(表原因)等。
③不缺成分，句意不完整，缺少“是否”：用if/whether。 ④不缺成分且句子意义完整：用that。 技巧2 结合句意和引导词的本义解题
有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义，如if“是否”； whoever “无论谁”； whatever “无论什么”； whichever “无论哪一个(在范围中选择)”； because“因为”； why “为什么”等。结合句意和语境，不难解决这类试题。 2.牢记what和that的区别
①that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that。 ②what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
考点突破·针对提能 明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一、主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
引导词 作用 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般that, whether, if 不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，不用if what, who, whose, which， whatever, 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 whichever, whoever等 how, when, where， why等 在从句中作状语 (安徽卷)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
(北京卷)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
(北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
(北京卷)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
(江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
2．用it作形式主语的主语从句
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 ②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
④It＋不及物动词(seem, occur, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
(湖北卷)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 应该为未来做好充分准备这一点对于学生们来说很清楚。 【名师点津】
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
考点二、宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。 1．宾语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether/if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that, whether, if what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等 how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等 (2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何人。
(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 (山东卷)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it. 我们已经给她提供了工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。 【名师点津】
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：
①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)在介词后的宾语从句中，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/that从句 ②动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句 ③短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句 ④固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb.＋that从句
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 【名师点津】
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。
考点三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。 1．表语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that, whether, if what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等 how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等 (2018·北京卷)This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并抱最大的希望。
(北京卷)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
这个足球明星最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
(上海卷)The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 2．其他连接词引导的表语从句 (1)as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动词， seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。 (2)because，why引导的表语从句
①This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是……的原因” ②This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/那是因为……”
③The reason why...is that＋表语从句，意为“……的原因是……”
(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
He didn’t work hard.That’s why he was fired. 他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
考点四、同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。其引导词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
(天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 He asked her the question whether they can be friends. 他问了一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。 You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我有多着急！ 2．常跟同位语从句的名词
后常跟同位语从句的名词有advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, belief, report, desire, problem, possibility等。
(辽宁卷)When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。
(浙江卷)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be
different. 我对自己承诺：今年，也就是我高中的第一年，会有所不同。
跟踪检测·迁移应用 练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2018全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
3.(2020全国新高考I）Write a poem about ________how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
4.(2018全国卷I）Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use ________he taught me.
5.(2018全国卷I）Adults understand ________ what it feels like to be flooded with objects. II.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.(2020·浏阳六校联考)A typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is engaged, _________follows is a choice of the date of their marriage.
7.(2020·北京朝阳期中)So the next time I see that person I also see the name on his or her face, and that is _________I never forget a name.
8.(2020·河北衡水中学一调)There is no doubt _________the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city.
9.(2020·洛阳期中)After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, _________was once a fishing village has rapidly become an emerging modern city.
10.(2020·北京顺义二模)I lost my wallet after going shopping last Friday evening.But I couldn’t
remember _________I lost it.
11.(2020·湖北重点高中联合协作体期中)Experts hold the opinion _________a small amount of stress can be good in exams.
12.(2020·哈尔滨三中二调)The impact and ultimate result depend on _________you do with the difficulties that you have.
13.(2020·哈尔滨六中二模)In Martin’s world, we are not sure _________the good will win in the end or not.
14.(2020·吉林普通高中调研)It is possible _________caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.
15.(2020·济宁二模)Young women seem to perform worse than men on high-level math tests.That is _________has confused the educators for ages. III.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·单句改错
16.Everyone in the village is very friendly; it doesn’t matter that you have lived there for a short or a long time.
17.Which impresses me most is Miss Zhang’s way of teaching.
18. The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.
19. Today，English is which my strength lies. And I’m grateful to my English teacher. 20.It’s not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school. IV.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·短文语法填空
It was reported___21___there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. No one saw___22___on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured.___23___is responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are
uncertain about___24___the driver is guilty. ___25___the police should do now is ___26___they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because___27___the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was ___28___ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact___29___he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted___30___what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
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