?被动语态 一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。（____________） Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。（____________） 二、被动语态的构成:be动词+Vp.p 被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。 1.Englishis___________（speak）inCanada. 2.Theblouseis___________（make）ofsilk. 3.Englishis___________（speak）bymanypeople. 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
1.Somestampswere___________（steal）lastweek. 2.ThePRCwas___________（found）onOctober1,1949. 3.Footballis___________（play）inmostmiddleschools. 被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be.be+P.P am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.P was和were表过去。was（were）+P.P 完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P 将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P 进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。 三．几种常用时态的被动语态—— 1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句：Bikesare___________（sell）inthatshop. 否定句：Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop. 疑问句：Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't. 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
肯定句：Hewas___________（save）in1999. 否定句：Hewasnotsavedin1999.
疑问句：Washesavedin1999?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't. 3.一般将来时：shall/will/begoingto+be+过去分词
肯定句：AnEnglishclasswillbe___________（give）byJacktomorrow. 否定句：AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow. 疑问句：WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow? 4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词
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肯定句：Acarisbeing___________（drive）now. 否定句：Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.
疑问句：Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't. 5.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词
肯定句：Aroadhasbeen___________（build）bythegovernment. 否定句：Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.
疑问句：Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't. 6.情态动词：情态动词+be+P.P
1）Thisclockcanbe___________（repair）here.
2）Thetreesmaybe___________（plant）atothertimesoftheyear. 3）Thecompositionmustbe___________（hand）inafterclass. 4）Theyoungtreesshouldbe___________（plant）inspring. 四、被动语态的用法 （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Somenewcomputerswere___________（steal）lastnight. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的） Thisbookwas___________（publish）in1981.这本书出版于1981年。 （2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： Thewindowwas___________（break）byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。 Thisbookwas___________（write）byhim.这本书是他写的。 Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： 1.Allthepeople___________（laugh）athim. →Hewas___________（laugh）atbyallpeople. 2.They___________（make）thebikesinthefactory. →Thebikesare___________（make）bytheminthefactory. 六、补充 一些宾补动词如make,see,hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如： Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside（byhim）. Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball（byhim）. 专项练习
一、选择题
(??)1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;built?????????B.Was;built????C.Does;build???D.Did;build (??)2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappened?B.washappened?C.ishappened???D.happened (??)3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.
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A.isgrown?????????B.aregrown?????C.grows????????D.grow (??)4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek. ???A.isgiven??????????B.hasbeengiven??C.willbegiven??D.gives (??)5.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
???A.areplanted???????B.willplant???????C.havebeenplanted?D.planted (??)6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
???A.aredoing?????????B.arebeingdone??C.hasbeendone?D.willbedone (??)7.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld. ???A.knows???????????B.knew??????????C.isknown??????D.wasknown ()8.Thechildren____bythenurse. A.werelooked??????B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked ()9.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem. A.gave,didn'tlisten??B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten ()10.Thequestion____byussoon. A.isgoingtodiscuss?????B.willdiscuss C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed ()11.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago. A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt ()12.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears. A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup ()13.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth. A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished ()14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown. A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown ()15.He____bytheteachers. A.isalwayspraisedB.praises C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised ()16.Thepicture______?inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken ()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
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A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired ()18.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman. A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing ()19.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout?????B.hadbeenbrokenout C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
()20.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour. A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats ()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______. A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking ()22.They______dayandnight. A.aremadework????B.aremadetowork C. madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork ()23.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries. A.wassentup??????B.issentup C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup ()24.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren. A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung ()25.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek. A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned ()26.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____? A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found ()27.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow. A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended ()28.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear. A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted ()29.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon ()30.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen ()31.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
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A.broke,isbroken?B.isbroken,wasbroken C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths． 2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．
3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？ 4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar． 5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down． 6.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop. 7What_______knives?______(make)of? 8.They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood. 9.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary? 10.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday. 11.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime. 12.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity? 13.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious. 14.Look!Someone__________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.TeagrowsinSouthChina.（改为被动语态） ___________________________________________. 2. ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态) 3. ?AnEnglishsong______?______?_______bythechildren. 4. 3.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态) 5. ?It______?________?________byyounow.
6. 4.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态) 7. ?Metal________?_________?_______makingmachines. 8. 5.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态) 9. ?I______?________?________?______thatforhim. 10. 6.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态) 11. ?Thelightgreendresses________?_________?___________out.
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12. 7.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态) Thegame_______?________“Lianliankan”byus.
四．把下列句子改为被动语态 1.Parentstakecareoftheirkids.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2.Peopleplanttreeseveryday.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3.Heatebreadyesterday.
_____________________________________________________________________ 4. Chinamakesmanywatches.
_____________________________________________________________________ 5. Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight. _____________________________________________________________________ 6.Idomyhomeworkeveryday. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Hedoesn’tthrowthebadfood. _____________________________________________________________________ 8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers. _____________________________________________________________________ 9. TheywillnottakehimtoBeijing. _____________________________________________________________________ 10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime. _____________________________________________________________________
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