英语语法原则语法一致原则

　　语法⼀致原则是指句⼦的主语和谓语在语法形式上⼀致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式⽽定， 主语为单数形式时谓语动词⽤单数形式， 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也⽤复数形式。⼩编在这⾥整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

　　语法⼀致原则

　　1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词⼀般⽤单数形式;主语为复数时，谓语动词⽤复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is noteasy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. /Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意：由what引导的主语从句，后⾯的谓语动词多数情况⽤单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是⼀个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词⽤复数形式。如：What I bought were three Englishbooks. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后⾯，要⽤复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucyand Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard thenews. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　注意：(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同⼀个⼈或物时，它后⾯的谓语动词就应⽤单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a(an) ， many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要⽤单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in theroom. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后⾯跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as，rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍⽤单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语⽤复数形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. /Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

　　4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　注意：(1)在⼝语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可⽤复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后⾯的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要⽤单数;若它后⾯的名词是复数，它的谓语动词⽤单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been toAmerica.

　　5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先⾏词的数⼀致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is workinghard.

　　6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词⽤单数;如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就⽤复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on thethird floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　注意：people， police， cattle等名词⼀般都⽤作复数。如：The police are looking for the lostchild.

　　7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后⾯名词的数⽽定。如：There are a lot ofpeople in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语⽤复数;the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语⽤单数。

　　8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语⼀致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall aremany pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

　　S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)归纳

　　此句型的句⼦的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟⼀个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上⼀个补充成分来补⾜宾语，才能使意思完整。

　　宾语补⾜语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补⾜语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们⼀起构成复合宾语。

　　名词/代词宾格 + 名词

　　The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为⼀名战⼠.　　名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

　　New methods make the job easy.新⽅法使这项⼯作变得轻松.　　名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

　　I often find him at work.我经常发现他在⼯作.　　名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

　　The teacher ask the students to close the windows.⽼师让学⽣们关上窗户.　　名词/代词宾格 + 分词

　　I saw a cat running across the road.我看见⼀只猫跑过了马路.　　S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)

　　1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。　　2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿⾊　　3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想⼀想。

　　4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房⼦⽆⼈居住。　　5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?　　6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

　　7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

　　8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。