一、语法知识归纳
一、基本概念 （一） 定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 （二） 先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 关系词 who 先行词 从句成分 人 例句 备注 主语，宾Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? 语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whom 人 宾语 whose 关系代词 that I like those books whose topics are about whom, which和that在从句中做history. 宾语时，常可以省略，但介词人，物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is 提前时后面关系代词不能省my classmate. 略，也不可以用that A plane is a machine that can fly. 主语，宾She is the pop star (that) I want to see 人，物 语 very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth 主语，宾$10. The picture which was about the accident 语 was terrible. which 物 as
He is such a person as is respected by all 主语，宾of us. 人，物 as做宾语一般不省略 语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）
④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）
1
⑤The soldier whoselegs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下，只用 that。
(1) 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如：
①This is the best that has been used against pollution.
②English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：
①This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
②It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 例如：
①You should hand in all thatyou have. ②We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 例如：
①The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ②The little money (that) he had was stolen.
（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴先行词是one, ones, anyone时。 例如：
①One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ②Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时。 例如：
①Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。 例如：
①Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
②The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 例如：
①Which is the bike that you lost?
②Who is the woman thatwas praised at the meeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
2
例如：
①I saw a womanwhosebag was stolen. ②Please show me the book whose cover is red.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。 例如：
①The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.
→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如：
Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the penwith which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是：
⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 ⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 例如：
① 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?
正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? ② 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.
正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。 例如：
① Who is the guythatis reading over there? ② The number of peoplethat are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. ③ All that needs to be done has been done.
④ He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. ⑤
Timmy is the only one of the pupilsthat has failed the exam.
例③中的all意为―一切‖，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, 1. He told me everything that he little, much,等不定代词时。 knows. 2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, 2. All the books that you offered some, few等修饰时 have been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have 只用that的情况 3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 ever read. 4. 先行词既指人又指物时 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 5. He is the only man that I want to 6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复see. 时 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? 3
只用which, 2. 在由―介词+关系代词‖引导的定语从句中，只who, whom的情能用which指物，whom指人。 况 3. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 词为those, one, he时多用who。
高一定语从句专项练习(1)
1.The place _______interested me most was the
Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do
you
know
the
man
_______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This
is
the
hotel
_______last
month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist
Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That
is
the
day
______I'll
never
forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from
here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we
are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This
is
one
of
the
best
films
_______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The
pen
______he
is
writing
is
mine.
A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a
small
boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years
old.
A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the
country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm
interested
in
______you
have
said.
A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used
yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I
don't
like
______
as
you
read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they
remembered
in
the
school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in
Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
4
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of
____are
women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met
______could
do
it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last
summer
we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou
is famous
in
the
world.
A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on
TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together
and
the
day
______
we
spent
together.
A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the
meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working
perfectly.
A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was
ill.
A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the
final
exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That
is
not
the
way
______I
do
it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of
trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work
half
done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he
makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however,
popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the
farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when;
which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______
increasing.
A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at
the Browns.
A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he
could see _____ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C.through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
5
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been
expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
高一定语从句专项练习（2）
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________
from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn,
________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the
point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern
communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of
China. We must unify it.
A. It B. As C. Which D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V
was launched, ________ has a great effect on my
6
life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than
________ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which
14. There is no such place _____ you dream of in all this world.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood,
were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, of
course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center ________ you visited the
modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the
old ________ they swam in it.
A. when B. that C. who D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that B. as C. which D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________
time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same
高一定语从句专项练习（3） 1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when 2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 4. Have you read the book I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
5. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.
A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price
7. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?
A. that B. who C. whom D. the girl
8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.
A. that B. who C. which D. what 9. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.
A. / B. that C. where D. it
10. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?
A. who B. where C. in which D. which
11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.
A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been
12. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used
to be. A. what B. who C. when D. that 13. Is this singer ______ songs you like best?
A. who’s B. whose C. which D the one whose 14. He got angry with _____ was against his opinion. A. who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 15. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.
A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 16. That’s the dog ______.
A.we’ve been looking after B. after which we’ve been looking
C. what we’ve been looking after D. we’ve been taking care for
17. This is the last time ______ I’ll give you a lesson.
A. when B. that C. what D. as
18. The family _____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.
A. whose B. which C. what D. whom
19. This is the very knife ______ I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that B. by which C. which D. with which 20. China has many rivers, _____ the Yangtze River is the longest..
A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which 21. The use they are ______ the waste helps to save a lot of money.
A. made of B. made from C. making up of D. making of
22. That tree, the branches _____ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. whose B. in which C. of which D. of it
23. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______
she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 24. What is the way Smith thought of ______ enough
money to buy the new house?
A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to get 25. Jack spent as much time as he could ______ over his lessons.
A. going B. went C. go D. to go
26. The freezing point is the temperature ___water
changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. when D. of which 27. I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of
every minute _____ he can spare. A. that B. in which C. in that D. when 28. This is the last time ______ I will write to you. A. when B. that C. what D. as 29. I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to me. A. what B. by which C. by that D. /
30. The train ______ he was traveling was delayed for
more than an hour.
7
A. by which B. on which C. for which D. on that
（4）真题回顾
1. We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in rural areas. (2008上海) A. which B. whose C. in which D. political novels and essays. (2004全国)
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
15. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004辽宁) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that with which
2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆)
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ______ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people. (2008江西)
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. (2008浙江)
A. what B. that C. which D. one
5. You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you
cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. (2007安徽)
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 6. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t. (2006北京) A. who, / B. /; who C. who, who D. /; /
7. The Beatles _____ many of you are old enough to remember
came from Livepool.(2006) A. what B. that C. how D. as
8. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海) A. where B. when C. which D. what
9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.（ 2006 重庆卷） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
10. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair. (2006福建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 11. – Mom, what did your doctor say?
－He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. (2006四川)
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
12. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. (2005江西)
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
13. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004全国)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 14. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many
高一定语从句专项练习（1）
1-5ACDCA 6-10 CAAAA 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 DBBCB 21-25 DCDAA 26-30 CADDB 31-35 ABADC BDDAB 41-45 ADCDA 46-50 BBACB
高一定语从句专项练习（2）
1-5 ABABC 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 BAADB DDABC
高一定语从句专项练习（3）
1-5 CCAAD 6-10 DDABD 11-15 ADBCC ABDAC 21-25 DCDDA 26-30 AABDB
（4）真题回顾
1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CDCDA 11-15 DDCDA
36-40 16-20 16-20 8
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