It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will
happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念）is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。 B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to
a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。 B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious
social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a
common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达） in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
现象解释型模板一
1.Recently,__________.
2.What amaze us most is_________. 3.It is true that_________.
4.There are many reasons explaining_________. 5.The main reason is________. 6.What is more__________. 7.Thirdly,__________. 8.As a result_________.
9.Considering all these,_________. 10.For one thing,________. 11.For another,_________. 12.In conclusion,__________. 现象解释型模板二
1.As is known to all,_______.
2.________seem to get accustomed to_________. 3.In fact,_______.
4.The reasons of________lie in several aspects. 5.Firstly,________. 6.Secondly,________. 7.Thidly,_________. 8.Finaly,_________.
9.As a matter of fact,_________. 10.On the one hand,_________. 11.On the other hand,__________. 12.Therefore,___________. 对比选择型模板一
1.Recently,we may hear quite different opinions__________. 2.Most people take it for granted that________. 3.However,others hold________. 4.A dominant idea is that_______. 5.In this view,_______.
6.Nevertheless,the objectors think________. 7.They argue that________. 8.As to me,I prefer________. 9.On the one hand,________. 10.On the other hand,________. 11.Therefore,_________. 12.In conclusion,_________. 现象解释型模板一
1.Recently,__________.
2.What amaze us most is_________. 3.It is true that_________.
4.There are many reasons explaining_________.
5.The main reason is________. 6.What is more__________. 7.Thirdly,__________. 8.As a result_________.
9.Considering all these,_________. 10.For one thing,________. 11.For another,_________. 12.In conclusion,__________. 现象解释型模板二
1.As is known to all,_______.
2.________seem to get accustomed to_________. 3.In fact,_______.
4.The reasons of________lie in several aspects. 5.Firstly,________. 6.Secondly,________. 7.Thidly,_________. 8.Finaly,_________.
9.As a matter of fact,_________. 10.On the one hand,_________. 11.On the other hand,__________. 12.Therefore,___________. 现象解释型模板三
1.Nowadays,_________. 2.For one thing,__________. 3.For another,_________. 4.It is obvious__________.
5.Many remarkable factors contribute to_________. 6.First of all,________. 7.In addition,_________. 8.Thirdly,_________. 9.As to me,_________. 10.As we know,_________. 11.Besides,__________. 12.In a word,__________.
现象解释型叙事类作文专用模板 1.It so happened that_________. 2.Just at the moment,_________.
3.It impressed me most because________. 4.What hanppened was_________. 5.At first,__________.
6.Almost at the same time,_________. 7.What's more,___________. 8.As a result,___________.
9.As I understand,___________.
10.On the one hand,___________. 11.On the other hand,___________. 12.Therefpre,____________. 对比选择型模板一
1.Recently,we may hear quite different opinions__________. 2.Most people take it for granted that________. 3.However,others hold________. 4.A dominant idea is that_______. 5.In this view,_______.
6.Nevertheless,the objectors think________. 7.They argue that________. 8.As to me,I prefer________. 9.On the one hand,________. 10.On the other hand,________. 11.Therefore,_________. 12.In conclusion,_________. 对比选择型模板二
1.There is a heated debate over_________. 2.It is commonly accepted that_________. 3.In contrast,others_________.
4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest________. 5.In their view,__________.
6.However,others think__________. 7.They argue that___________.
8.Considering one after another,I stand on the side of_______. 9.First of all,__________. 10.Further more,__________. 11.Thirdly,___________. 12.Therefore,___________. 对比选择型模板三
1.Different people will offer quite different ideas________. 2.Many people assert__________.
3.However,others believe__________. 4.Some may proclaim___________.
5.They mainlain such an idea because_________. 6.In contrast,the objectors think__________. 7.The argue that_________.
8.As far as I am concerned,I agree to_________. 9.First,________.
10.Second,________.
11.Last but least,________. 12.In a word,_________. 问题解决型模板一
1.With the_______of________,________.(问题出现的背景)
2.So it is of graet importance for us to_________. 3.On the one hand,________. 4.On the other hand,_________.
5.However,we have figured out many ways to________. 6.Firstly,________.
7.So long as__________. 8.Secondly,_________. 9.Thirdly,_________. 10.In fact,________.
11.That is because________. 12.In a word,_________. 问题解决型模板二
1.There has been a discussion recently about________. 2.It is true to the present situation that_________. 3.But_________.
4.As is known to all,there are many ways________. 5.First of all,_______. 6.Further more,_______.
7.Last but not least,________.
8.So it is high time for us to_______. 9.That is because_______. 10.Secondly,_________. 11.Thirdy,__________. 12.All in all,_________. 问题解决型模板三
1.Nowadays,there is a growing concern on_______. 2.It is certain that________. 3.However,_________.
4.It well cause many serious results if_______. 5.Firstly,________. 6.Secondly,________. 7.Finaly,________.
8.In spite of all these,there are still many ways________. 9.First of all,________. 10.In addition,________. 11.Thirdly,_________.
12.Only in this way,_________.
Directions: Write a composition entitled On the Low-carbon Life. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 目前人们很崇尚低碳生活; 2. 低碳生活的重要性;
3. 怎样创建低碳生活。 On the Low-carbon Life
Recently, it is very popular to live a low-carbon life. This is not only due to the government's propaganda, but also people from the heart of the results.
Living a low-carbon life is of great importance to everyone. First of all, it can protect the environment to a great extent. Second, it can save the limited natural resources and energy, and will leave a better world for us, it is a healthy lifestyle and will help mould a harmonious social atmosphere.
Therefore, how to create a low-carbon life is necessary for us to consider. To begin with, we should save the energy, such as the electricity, water and domestic gas. Second, when we go out we can walk or ride a bike instead of by car. Third, we should not use the plastic bags which are hard to break down. If so, we can live a low-carbon life and gain the happiness of it. (158 words)
【译文赏析】 论低碳生活
最近，低碳生活日趋流行。这不仅得益于政府的宣传，同时也是人 们发自内心的结果。 低碳生活对于每个人而言都十分重要。首先，很大程度上它能保护 环境。其次，它能够节约自然资源和能源，并为我们的后代留下一个更 美好的世界。最后，它是一种健康的生活方式，将有助于塑造一个和谐 的社会氛围。
因此，如何创造低碳生活是我们需要考虑的问题。第一，我们必须 节约能源，比如，电能、水资源和天然气。第二，当外出时，我们可以 步行或骑自行车来代替汽车。第三，我们不应使用不易降解的塑料袋。 这样，我们才能够在低碳生活中生存，并且从中感受到乐趣。
【词汇表达亮点】
results from起因于，由于
to a great extent在很大程度上 harmonious adj.和借的，和睦的 to begin with首先，本来 instead of代替，不是而是 break down分解，失败，毁掉
Directions: Write a composition entitled Waste Separation from Your Campus. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 大学生垃坂分类的意识仍然较弱; 2. 垃坂分类的重要意义;
3. 垃坂分类应该从校园做起。 【经典范文】
Waste Separation from Your Campus
It’s no doubt that university campuses will produce a large amount of rubbish every day, however, there are fewer college students paying attention to its classification.
Factually waste separation is vital to create an environment-friendly campus. Firstly, waste separation does great contribution to the environmental protection. Since some of waste is recyclable, while other is unrecyclable, if all the students could voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from unrecyclable rubbish, the risk of the environmental pollution will be greatly reduced. Secondly, waste separation could save a lot of energy and time on its processing.
With the rapid increase in the amount of rubbish at the campus, rubbish classification does not permit of any delay. On the one hand, as the well- educated people, college students should act as hosts of the universities and separate waste from this moment in their daily life. On the other hand, university authorities should strengthen students’ awareness of environmental protection and suide students to separate waste in a reasonable way. (166 words)
【译文赏析】 校园垃圾分类
毫无疑问大学校园里每天都会制造大量垃圾，但是，注意垃圾分类 的大学生很少。 其实垃圾分类对创造环保型的校园来说至关重要。首先垃圾分类对 保护环境贡献很大。由于一些垃圾是可循环利用的，而另外一些是不可 循环利用的，如果所有学生都能自主地把可循环利用和不可循环利用的 垃圾区别开来，对环境造成污染的风险会大大降低。其次，垃圾分类能 使人们在处理垃圾过程中节省大量的时间和精力。
随着校园垃圾数量的快速增加，垃圾分类刻不容缓。一方面，作为 受过良好教育的人，大学生应该以大学主人自居，从现在起，在日常生 活中就把垃圾进行分类。另一方面，大学校方应该加强学生的环保意识， 引导学生用正确的方式对垃圾进行分类。 【词汇表达亮点】
recyclable adj.可循环利用的
unrecyclable adj.不可循环利用的 well-educated adj.受过良好教育的
Directions: Write a composition entitled On Disasters. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 人的一生中，可能会遇到一些灾难事件，给我们的生活带来意外 的打击。 2. 面对灾难，我们应该坚强，不要过于沉湎于悲痛，要积极面对人生。 3. 我的看法。 【经典范文】
On Disasters
An old saying goes: Life is full of roses and thorns. As we all know, one’s life is full of unexpected events, some of which are wonderful and some of which are disastrous. Those heavy blows, such as, floods, snowstorms, and earthquakes, threaten to weigh one down.
However、it’s even worse if one can’t drag himself out of the grief in that mental break-down is more serious than the disaster itself. Instead of indulging oneself in sadness, one should take positive attitude towards life and contribute to the reconstruction of his or her life and hometown.
As for me, if I am lucky enough to survive in a disaster, I will try my best to help those who are suffering by donation blood or money. If I am a victim, I will endeavor to recover
from the sadness as soon as possible and be certain to be strong and supportive to the recovery work. (154 words)
【译文赏析】 论灾难 俗话说：“生活总是喜忧参半。”众所周知，人的生命里充满着各 种意想不到的事，有些很美好，有些却是不幸的。洪水、雪灾以及地震 这些巨大的灾难总是让人无比沉重。
但是，如果一个人不能从悲痛里恢复过来，那么精神上的打击要远 比灾难本身严重。因此在灾难面前，我们不应该沉湎于悲痛，而要积极 地面对人生，努力帮助他人重生和重建家园。
如果我在一场灾难中幸存下来，我会通过捐款或者献血，尽力去帮 助其他灾民。要是我在灾难中受伤了，我也会尽快从伤痛中恢复，坚强 起来，全力支持灾后重建工作。
【词汇表达亮点】
unexpected adj.想不到的;意外 的;突如其来的 disastrous adj.灾害的;灾难性的，悲惨的 weigh one down打垮某人 drag out拖延，从 走出来 grief n.悲痛,悲伤
Indulging in沉溺于，纵情与，享受于 contribute to有助于，促进，加剧 survive v.幸免于，幸存，生还 endeavor to努力，尽力
Directions: Write a composition entitled Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 每天全世界都有成千上万的人死于交通事故; 2. 分析产生交通事故的原因;
3. 应该制定交通法规遏止交通事故的发生。 【经典范文】
Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day thousands of people all over the world are killed or horribly mutilated on the roads just because of traffic accidents.
This situation is mainly due to the following two reasons. In the first place, the drivers are becoming less aware of social morality. When they are sitting behind a steering wheel, they totally forget the traffic laws which should be complied with. In the second place, the surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the peace breakers and seems to condone their behavior. As the transportation develops, cities become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic and the countryside is destroyed by the complicated road networks.
Therefore, it's time for global regulations to reduce the unnecessary died, in order to curb the accident rate have a positive impact.
【译文赏析】
遏制交通事故，睢有靠更严格的交通法
虽然相比从前，幸福长寿的生活可能性更大了，但全世界各地每天 都有上千人在路上因交通事故而丧生或严重伤残。
这种情况主要是由以下两方面的原因所导致。首先，司机越来越不 重视社会公德。在驾驶时，他们完全忘记了应该遵守的交通规则。其次, 令人惊讶的是，社会对和平的破坏者竟然报以如此仁慈的微笑，似乎在 纵容他们的行为。随着交通的发展，城市因交通问题严重而变得几乎无 法居住，而乡村也被错综复杂的道路交通网所累。
因此，是时候制定全球性的法规来减少这种无谓的丧身，从而对遏 制事故发生率产生积极影响。
Directions: Write a composition entitled What do Students Need English For? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 下图是对不同专业学生学习英语的不同目的所做的调查结果，请描 述并分析此图。
What do Students Need English For?
Today, it seems that nearly everyone is studying English, especially students. But what do they study English for? A survey made by a teacher at a university gives us some hints.
The results of the survey suggest that students need English for different purposes. Most students learn English because they need to read English textbooks or journals or attend English lectures, while only a few students use it to talk to English speaking visitors Attend-seminars. And write letters, etc. There are also some differences between economics students and engineering students. Compared with engineering students, economics students need to read English business textbooks and write reports in English.
Therefore, from the result of the survey,we can see that the purposes students learn English for vary with the academic field students study in. Whatever the purposes are, one thing is certain: Students need English, and English teaching should be strengthened in universities. (151 words)
【译文赏析】
学生为什么需要学习英文?
如今似乎人人都在学英文，尤其是学生。但他们为什么学英文呢? 一位大学老师所做的调查给了我们一些暗示。
该调查的结果表明，学生学习英文是出于不同的目的。大部分学生 学习英文是因为他们需要阅读英文教材或报刊、或听英文授课，而只有 小部分学生用它来与英语国家的来宾交流、参加研讨会、写信等等。财 经类的学生与工科学生十分不同。与工科学生相比，财经类的学生需要 读英文的财经教材，并用英文写报告。
因此，从调查结果可知，学生学习英语的目的随着他们专业的不同 而不同。但无论出于什么目的，有一点确定无疑：学生们需要英文，大 学英语教学应有所加强。
【词汇表达亮点】 Hint n.暗示
Journal n.期刊，刊物
attend seminars参加研讨会 strengthen v.加强，强化* compared with 与 对比 therefore 所以 vary with 随 变化
Directions: Suppose you are a student, sharing a room with three other students. You find it inconvenient and even uncomfortable to live together with them. Write a letter of complaint to the woman in charge of the dormitory. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 简述目前你们宿舍的情况; 2. 说明你想搬出宿舍的原因; 3. 提出你的解决方法。
A Petition Letter
July 7, 2010 Dear Madam,
I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester. I would prefer a single room、as I find the present arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain the reasons for my dissatisfaction is my roommates’ inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, their friends are constantly visiting them and they regularly hold noisy parties. For another, they sometimes use my things without asking permission. Under these circumstances』I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies.
I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, if you can find a little room for me, the most good or room in the school but not the same building, I will be indebted forever.
Sincerely Yours Li Ming
【译文赏析】
请愿书
亲爱的女士:
我写信是为了向您汇报，我下学期希望搬入新寝室。我更喜欢住单 间，因为我发现目前的安排十分不便。
我有必要解释一下，我的不满是由于室友们不考虑他人感受的行为。 一方面，他们的朋友经常来访，而且隔段时间就会举办喧哗的派对。另 一方面，他们时常未经允许就使用我的东西。在这样的条件下，我发现 很难集中精力学习。
我确信您也会认同，对我而言唯一的解决方案就是自己住单间，在 那儿我不会受到任何侵扰。因此，如果您能为我找一个小单间，房间最 好还是在校内但不是同一栋楼，我将感激不尽。
李明 2010年7月7日 【词汇表达亮点】 petition n.请愿，申请 inform v.告知
a single room —个单人间 inconvenient adj.不便利的 dissatisfaction n.不满意
inconsiderate adj.不顾别人的 constantly adv.不间断，时常地 permission n.允许，许可
under these circumstances 在这样的情况下 concentrate on集中精力于
be free from such distractions 从这 样的困扰中解脱出来
on campus在校内
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