1. 表示地点位置的介词
1) at ,in, on, to , for
at (1)表示在小地方；(2)表示 在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻，接壤， 在 .... 上面”。 to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或 2) above, over, on 在 .... 上
above指在 .... 上方，不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方，与under相对，但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3) below, un der 在 ... 下面 under表示在…正下方
below 表示在 ... 下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat un der the table.
Please write your n ame below the line.
4) i n fron t [fra nt]of, i n the front of 在 ... 前面
in front of…意思是在 ...... 前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是 behind (在 .... 的后面)。
There are some flowers in front of the house.(
房子前面有些花卉。 ) 到……”
in the front of意思是 在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher sta nds in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5) beside ，behind beside 表示在 ..... 旁边 behind 表示在 .... 后面
2. 表示时间的介词
1) .................................... in , on ，at 在 时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、 晚等。 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one ' s life , in one
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 女口 on May 1st, on Mon day, on New Year
' s Day, on a cold ni ght in Janu ary, on
'等thirties
a
fine morning, on Sun day after noon 等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指 圣诞节，复活节等。
如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beg inning of, at the end of at Christmas ， at night, at noon, at this moment 等。 注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every every day. 2） ........................ in, after 在 之后 “ in段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after段时间\"表示过去的一段时间以后； “after将来的时间点’表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3）
from, si nee 自从
等词之前一律不用介词。如： We meet
…,at the a
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻， 通常与完成时连用。since表示\"自（某具 体时间）以来\"，常用作完成 时态谓语的时间状语。
since liberation （1980 ）自从解放（1980 年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood .
他们从小就是好朋友。 （1） since the war是指\"自从战争结束以来\"，若指\"自从战 争开始以来\"，须说\"since the beginning of the war\"。 （2）不要将si nee与after混淆。 比较：He has worked here since 1965 年以来，他一直在这儿工作。 He bega n to work here after 1965 .
（指一点时间，强调时间点）从 1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。 4）
after, behi nd 在 之后
.（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从 1965
after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。 时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说差”可要用上to 说\"过''要用past
3. 表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
4. 表示在……之间”的介词：
表示 在 ... 之间”的介词在英语中属于 方位介词，女口 in front of ，behind , on，in， near， under， up betwee n, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5. 表示其他意义的介词
1) on ,about 关于
on表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的 人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 2) by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3) except, besides 除了
except除 ..... 之外，不包括在内； besides除 .... 之外，包括在内。
Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(
王先生没去) 王先生也去了 )
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(
其它常用介词
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活 及含义:
1) about关于，附近，大约，周围，随身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我买了一本有关 莎士比亚 的书。
，复杂。下列为常用介词
There are about fiftee n trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。 2) ___________ above 在 上，高出，以上，超过，在...上游. The pla ne is flyi ng above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 3) across 横过,对面，交叉,在...的对面. Can you swim across the river ?你能游过河吗？ We live across the street.我们住在街的对面。 4) after在...后面，依照.
He went home after school. 他放学后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 请跟我朗读。 5) against撞到，靠着，反对，违背, The car hit aga inst the tree. 汽车撞了树。 He is sta nding aga inst the wall. 他靠墙站着。 6) along 沿着，顺着.
They are walk ing along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 7 ) among 在...当中.(三者或三者以上)
He is the tallest amo ng them. 他是他们当中个子最高的。
我想那人有六十多岁了。
8 ) around 在...的周围，在…那一边.
They sat around the table talk ing the n ews. 他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。 There is a drugstore around the corner. 9 ) as作为.
He does n't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
10) at在…时刻，在…点钟，在…岁时,向，在…之中，按…速度，值(卖)•••钱，在…(强 调地点)
He always gets up at six in the morning. 他时常早上六点钟起床。 He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。 11) before在…的前面(位置)，在…之前(时间) He took a picture before the car. 他在汽车前照了张照片。 He can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作。 拐角处有一家药店。
12) behind 在…的后面(位置),落后于，不如4) after在…后面,依照， Are there any brooms beh ind the door. 门后有扫帚吗？ All of us are behi nd him in mathematics. 我们数学都不如他。 13) below 在...之下，低于,
There are four lights below the ceili ng. 天花板下面有四盏灯。 The murderer run away below the police's eyes. 14) beside 在...的旁边，在...之外，与...相比.
He found the body beside the river. 他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours ， my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。 15) besides 除...之外,还有...
We are all here besides Bowe. 除鲍外，我们也都来了。 16) between 在...两者之间，
He sits betwee n you and me. 他坐在你我之间。 17) beyo nd 在...那边,
The shop you are look ing for is bey ond the street, you can't miss it. 在街的那边，你不会找不到的。 18) but 除去.
He has nothi ng but mon ey.他除钱以外什么都没有。 19) by被..，在...的近旁，在...之前，不迟于,以…为手段。
The classroom was clea ned by the stude nts. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来 中国的。 20) dow n 沿着...望下。
She walked dow n the street. 她沿着街道走。 21) during 在…期间，在...时候。
During the holiday, we went to the south. 我们假期去了南方。 22) except 除...之外。
He kn ows nothi ng except En glish. 他除英语以外什么都不知道。
你要找的商店
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
23) for 为...,因为...,至于...。
He works for this compa ny. 他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返 回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。 24) from 从...,来自...,因为...。
Where are you from? 你是哪里人？ He died from an accident. 他死于一场事故。 25) in 在..., 在...之内，从事于 ..., 按照 ..., 穿着 ...。 He was born in 1992. 他生于 1992 年。
I could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。 He spend less time in reading. 他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。 26) like 象...，如同 ...。
The twins are like their father. 双胞胎像他们的父亲。 27 ) near 靠近 .. 。
There are some flowers near the house. 房子附近有一些花。 28)of ... 的，属于 ...。
This is a map of China. 这是一张中国地图。 29)off 离开 ...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly. 那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。 30 )on 在...之上。
My book is on the table. 我的书在桌子上。 31 )out of 从...出来，在 ...之外。
The dog run out of the house. 狗从房子里跑出来。 32 ) outside ... 外边 .
They are waiting outside the gate. 他们在门外等着。
33 ) over 在... 之上，遍于 ...之上，越过 ...。 There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多岁。 34 ) past 越过...，过...，超越 ...。
The students walked past the post office. 学生们走过了邮局。 It is ten past two. 现在是两点十分。 35 ) round 围着...，绕过 ...，在...周围。 We sat round the table. 我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 36 )since 自... 以后，自 ...以来。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college. 学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
37 ) through 经过... ，穿过 ...。(立体层面) They went through the forest. 他们穿过了森
从他来到大
林。
38 ) throughout 遍及 ...，在各处。
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain. 39) till 直到 ...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock. 他直到十一点钟才回来。 We'll be home till six. 六点以前我们都会在家。
40) to到…，向…，趋于。
How long is it from here to the stati on 41) under在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs un der the bed. 床底下有几颗足球。
These stude nts are un der seve ntee n years old. 这些学生们不至 U十七岁。 42) until直到，在...以前，
Please wait for us un til we come back. 请等着我们回来。 It was not un til last week that I han ded in mathematics paper. 学论文。
43) up在…上面，在…上。 He went up the stairs. 他上了楼梯。 44) upon 在...之上，迫近…。
It's n ot polite to look dow n upo n him. 蔑视他是不礼貌的。 45) within 在...之内。
You must fin ish the work within two weeks. 你必须两周内完成这项工作。 46) without 没有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。 We could n't live without air and water. 没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。
直至 U上周我才交了数
?从这儿至 U车站有多远？
警察搜山寻找犯人。
(A)
In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have won derful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,childre n from differe nt coun tries and more tha n 60 childre n from Japa nese schools came together and spe nt three weeke nds draw ing a big picture called “ Dre梦m() World Cups ” in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers
and people play ing soccer un der a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags( 旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japa n and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park n ear a playgro und in
Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan( 迷)? The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football
Teenagers( 青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as childre n in Japa n.
1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have _____ .
A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground 2. The next World Cup will be held in _____ . A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004
3. From the passage ,in the picture childre n drew many things except _______ . A. people play ing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers 4. In “ Dream World Cup ” ,the children drew theags of some countries ______ . A. to show their love for their owe country B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams D. to show their new ideas about football
5. Ma ny tee nagers owe the pictures of some football stars because ___ . A. they are in terested in football B. they are football fans C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C
（B）
In 1826, a Fren chma n n amed Niepce n eeded pictures for his bus in ess .But he was not a good artis .So he inven ted a very simple camera （ 照相机）.He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garde n .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography （ 摄影术）was in 1837. That year, Daguere, ano ther Fren chma n ,took a picture of his readi ng room .He used a new ki nd of camera in a differe nt way .In his picture you could see everythi ng very clearly ,eve n the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre ' s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all
around the world .people took picture of famous buildi ngs, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed .The n photographers could take picture of people and moving thi ngs .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other mach in es. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the Un ited States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous America n photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike（
栩栩如生的）
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th cen tury .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feeli ngs,like other kinds of art. 6. The first photo take n by Niepce was a picturte of ___________ A. his bus in ess B. his house C. his garde n D. his window 7. The Daguerrotype was __________ .
A. Fren chma n B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer
8. If a photographer wan ted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to _________ .
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expe nsive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and someth ing else with him. 9. Mathew Brady _____________ .
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unu sual pictures C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people 10. This passage tells us ___________ .
A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feeli ngs in pictures C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use differe nt cameras
（C）
America ns with small families own a small car or a large on e. If both pare nts are work ing, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van（住房汽车） A small car can hold（ 容纟纳）four pers ons and a large car can hold six pers ons but it is very crowded（拥挤）.A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their gran dpare nts to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.
Mr.Hage n and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a sec ond car and bus a van. Their childre n sixth and seve nth seat are used to put other thin gs, for a family of five must carry many suitcases（ 衣箱）whe n they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents ' home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the gran dpare nts.
America ns call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveli ng to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life whe n they are traveli ng together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. I n America there are many parks for motor homes.
11. From the passage, a van is also called ___________ . A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck 12. Before Mr. Hage n and his wife bought a van, they ________ . A. sold their old house B. moved to their gran dpare nts C. built a new place for a van D. sold their sec ond car
13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with _________ . A. a baby B. much money C. more tha n two childre n D. i nterest in vans 14. America ns usually use motor homer _________ . A. to travel with all the family members of holiday B. to do some shopping with all the family members C. to visit their gra ndpare nts at weeke nds D. to drive their childre n to school every day
15. Motor homes have become popular because _________ . A. they can take people to ano ther city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays C. some people think motor homes are cheap D. big families can put more things in motor homes
' house
（D）
Surtsey was born in 1963.Scie ntists saw the birth of this isla nd. It bega n at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd. The boat moved un der the capta in's 长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom
（船
（火山） was （底部）of the
sea. The isla nd grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the n ext day and 60 meters high on
18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushi ng up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falli ng into the sea. The sea was boili ng and there was a stra nge light i n the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967 .It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young isla nd. A new isla nd is like a new world. 16. Surtsey is _____ .
A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano
C. a fish ing boat D. a place in Icela nd 17. Scien tists flew there ____ .
A. to watch the birth of the isla nd B. to save the fish ing boat C. to lear n about the isla nd D. to build a house 18. When did scie ntist fly there to watch?
A. Before the volca no broke out. B. As soon as the volca no broke out.
C. About four days after the volca no broke out. D. After the volca no stopped rush ing up. 19. Put the following sentences in correct order.
a. The capta in found the boat was moving. b. A new isla nd appeared in the sea. c. Fire, smoke and rocks were see n rush ing up. d. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd. e. The isla nd grew quickly.
A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c 20. The best title of this article is _______ . A. A new isla nd B. The birth of an isla nd C. A new world D. Scien tists discovered Surtsey
（E）
On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a ballo on
（气球）.They started early in London.
The headma n was Augusta Gaudr on, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitla nd. They had a big ballo on and they were ready for a long way. Soon they heard the sea. They were carry ing the usual rope
（绳子），and it was hanging
dow n from the basket of the ballo on. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to cha nge its weight was for use over the sea. They were also carry ing some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their kni ves, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falli ng, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everyth ing became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came dow n in Pola nd heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!
（重量）.It
21. Three men flew in ballo on ______ . A. for n early 1,800 kilometers B. to ano ther city C. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago 22. The metal box was used for _______ . A. carry ing the bags of sand
‘ ' B. keep ing driwateg
C. carry ing ropes of the basket D. cha nging weight 23. When the ballo on went up higher, _______ .
A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the sun go down C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives D. They could see a black hole on the gro und 24. The balloon landed _______ .
A. in London B. on the sea C. on a lake D. in a foreig n country 25. Which of the followi ng is NOT true? ______
A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.
B. The ballo on bega n to go up whe n they threw bags of sand out of the basket. C. When they pulled the box into the basket, the ballo on bega n to climb up. D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7 . B 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15 . B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B
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