第六章 倒装结构
一 全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了
3) Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：
1) Here he comes. 他来了。
2) Away they went. 他们走了。
二 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：
1) I have never seen such a performance.我从来没看过这样的表演。
2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
2. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。
3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚要走时一个学生来看她。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。
3. 表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能说法语，我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom让我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的确很大。
4. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了三次才来开会。
注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
三 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。此时应注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像从来都不能令他的工作満意。
注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
四 其他部分倒装
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家开心愉快。
3. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再试一次。
高中英语倒装句练习
1. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
A.did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize
4. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A.didn’t realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized
5.—Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?
—I don’t know, _______.
A.
nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t c
are also
6. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
7. Not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat is.
A.
man did know B. man knew C. didn’t man know D. did man know
8. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.
A.
He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
9. ______ snacks and drinks·but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a
picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
10.—I don’t think I can walk any further.
—_____, Let’s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither can I B. Neither do I C. I didn’t think so D. I think so
11. Only in this way ______ do it well.
A.must we B. we could C. can we D. we can
12. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
A.had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive
13. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____. A. It was the same with Mike B.So it is with Mike C. So is Mike D. So does Mike
14. ______, I would have given you his address.
A. If you asked me B. You had asked me
C. Should you have asked me D.Had you asked me
15. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
A.Little they realized B. They had realized little
C.Little did they realize D. Little had they realized
16. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
A. They made such talked
B. So loudly they talked
C. It was noise outside
D. Such a loud noise did they make
17. Many a time _____ me good advice.
A. he gave B. does he give C. he has given D. has he given
18. ____ have I seen a better performance.
A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere
19. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
20. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found
C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found
21. _____the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down fly
22. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A.they had got to the bus stop
B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop
D. had they got to the bus stop
23. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When
24. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.
A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes
25. ______ I would see you here.
A.Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream
26. There ____ .
A.come they B. they come C. they are come D. they will come
27. ______ that he could not speak for a long time.
A.So frightened was he B. So frightened he was
C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he
28. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.
A.will he realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize
29. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.
A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can
30. Seldom ____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make
参考答案
1．倒装句，答案为C。
2．状语从句的语序应是正常语序，故A、C排除，连词however后必须紧跟形容词或副词，D是正确答案。
3．not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句要倒装，答案为A 。
4．本题考查以否定词开头并修饰状语时的主谓语序，这时原状语可以是副词或介词短语，还可以是从句，而主谓的语序为部分倒装，答案为B。
5．本题考查neither 或nor连接句子时语序的倒装，答案为B。
6．答案为D。
7．答案为D。
8．hardly...when和no sooner ...than是两个固定句型，前半部分置于句首，其后分句要倒装，答案为B 。
9．答案为B 。
10．答案为B。
11．only引导的介词短语或从句位于句首修饰状语时，句子谓语要部分倒装，答案为C。
12．部分倒装，答案为A。
13．答案为B。
14．答案为D。
15．副词little位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为C。
16．答案为D。
17．many修饰名词并位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为D。
18．答案为D。
19．答案为A。
20．only修饰介词短语时，并位于句首时,句子要倒装，答案为C。
21．答案为B。
22．答案为D。
23．虚拟语气的倒装形式，答案为C。
24．答案为C。
25．答案为D。
26．there放于句首，主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置不变，仍保留陈述句式，答案为B。
27．答案为A。
28．答案为C。
29．only修饰句子的状语，位于句首，要部分倒装。若only修饰的状语从句不倒装，则主句要倒装，答案为A。
30．由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序，答案为B。
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