前言
在这篇文章中，我们将分享7个Python爬虫的小案例，帮助大家更好地学习和了解Python爬虫的基础知识。以下是每个案例的简介和源代码：
1. 爬取豆瓣电影Top250
这个案例使用BeautifulSoup库爬取豆瓣电影Top250的电影名称、评分和评价人数等信息，并将这些信息保存到CSV文件中。
import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport csv # 请求URLurl = '<https://movie.douban.com/top250>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') movie_list = soup.find('ol', class_='grid_view').find_all('li') for movie in movie_list: title = movie.find('div', class_='hd').find('span', class_='title').get_text() rating_num = movie.find('div', class_='star').find('span', class_='rating_num').get_text() comment_num = movie.find('div', class_='star').find_all('span')[-1].get_text() writer.writerow([title, rating_num, comment_num]) # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('douban_movie_top250.csv', 'a', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') global writer writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(['电影名称', '评分', '评价人数']) for i in range(10): url = '<https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=>' + str(i*25) + '&filter=' response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) parse_html(response.text) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
2. 爬取猫眼电影Top100
这个案例使用正则表达式和requests库爬取猫眼电影Top100的电影名称、主演和上映时间等信息，并将这些信息保存到TXT文件中。
import requestsimport re # 请求URLurl = '<https://maoyan.com/board/4>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): pattern = re.compile('<p class="name"><a href=".*?" title="(.*?)" data-act="boarditem-click" data-val="{movieId:\\\\d+}">(.*?)</a></p>.*?<p class="star">(.*?)</p>.*?<p class="releasetime">(.*?)</p>', re.S) items = re.findall(pattern, html) for item in items: yield { '电影名称': item[1], '主演': item[2].strip(), '上映时间': item[3] } # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('maoyan_top100.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') for i in range(10): url = '<https://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=>' + str(i*10) response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) for item in parse_html(response.text): f.write(str(item) + '\\\\n') f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
3. 爬取全国高校名单
这个案例使用正则表达式和requests库爬取全国高校名单，并将这些信息保存到TXT文件中。
import requestsimport re # 请求URLurl = '<http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): pattern = re.compile('<tr class="alt">.*?<td>(.*?)</td>.*?<td><div align="left">.*?<a href="(.*?)" target="_blank">(.*?)</a></div></td>.*?<td>(.*?)</td>.*?<td>(.*?)</td>.*?</tr>', re.S) items = re.findall(pattern, html) for item in items: yield { '排名': item[0], '学校名称': item[2], '省市': item[3], '总分': item[4] } # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('university_top100.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) for item in parse_html(response.text): f.write(str(item) + '\\\\n') f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
4. 爬取中国天气网城市天气
这个案例使用xpath和requests库爬取中国天气网的城市天气，并将这些信息保存到CSV文件中。
import requestsfrom lxml import etreeimport csv # 请求URLurl = '<http://www.weather.com.cn/weather1d/101010100.shtml>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): selector = etree.HTML(html) city = selector.xpath('//*[@id="around"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/h1/text()')[0] temperature = selector.xpath('//*[@id="around"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/p/i/text()')[0] weather = selector.xpath('//*[@id="around"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/p/@title')[0] wind = selector.xpath('//*[@id="around"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/p/span/text()')[0] return city, temperature, weather, wind # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('beijing_weather.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(['城市', '温度', '天气', '风力']) for i in range(10): response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) city, temperature, weather, wind = parse_html(response.text) writer.writerow([city, temperature, weather, wind]) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
5. 爬取当当网图书信息
这个案例使用xpath和requests库爬取当当网图书信息，并将这些信息保存到CSV文件中。
import requestsfrom lxml import etreeimport csv # 请求URLurl = '<http://search.dangdang.com/?key=Python&act=input>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): selector = etree.HTML(html) book_list = selector.xpath('//*[@id="search_nature_rg"]/ul/li') for book in book_list: title = book.xpath('a/@title')[0] link = book.xpath('a/@href')[0] price = book.xpath('p[@class="price"]/span[@class="search_now_price"]/text()')[0] author = book.xpath('p[@class="search_book_author"]/span[1]/a/@title')[0] publish_date = book.xpath('p[@class="search_book_author"]/span[2]/text()')[0] publisher = book.xpath('p[@class="search_book_author"]/span[3]/a/@title')[0] yield { '书名': title, '链接': link, '价格': price, '作者': author, '出版日期': publish_date, '出版社': publisher } # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('dangdang_books.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(['书名', '链接', '价格', '作者', '出版日期', '出版社']) response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) for item in parse_html(response.text): writer.writerow(item.values()) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
6. 爬取糗事百科段子
这个案例使用xpath和requests库爬取糗事百科的段子，并将这些信息保存到TXT文件中。
import requestsfrom lxml import etree # 请求URLurl = '<https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): selector = etree.HTML(html) content_list = selector.xpath('//div[@class="content"]/span/text()') for content in content_list: yield content # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('qiushibaike_jokes.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') for i in range(3): url = '<https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/>' + str(i+1) + '/' response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) for content in parse_html(response.text): f.write(content + '\\\\n') f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
7. 爬取新浪微博
这个案例使用selenium和requests库爬取新浪微博，并将这些信息保存到TXT文件中。
import timefrom selenium import webdriverimport requests # 请求URLurl = '<https://weibo.com/>'# 请求头部headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win; x) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'} # 解析页面函数def parse_html(html): print(html) # 保存数据函数def save_data(): f = open('weibo.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') browser = webdriver.Chrome() browser.get(url) time.sleep(10) browser.find_element_by_name('username').send_keys('username') browser.find_element_by_name('password').send_keys('password') browser.find_element_by_class_name('W_btn_a').click() time.sleep(10) response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=browser.get_cookies()) parse_html(response.text) browser.close() f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': save_data()
希望这7个小案例能够帮助大家更好地掌握Python爬虫的基础知识！
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