第四讲 被动语态及主谓一致
一、被动语态 （一）温故
Many accidents by careless drivers last year. （2011北京中考） A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause The road ______ last year. （2010北京中考） A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built The sick boy ______ to hospital by the police yesterday. （2009北京中考） A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took -Who’s the little baby in the photo, Susan?
-It’s me. This photo ____ ten years ago. （2008北京中考）
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
（二）新起点
1、被动语态的适用
在下列情况下使用被动语态： （1）“动作的发出者”显而易见。
（2）不知道也不需要知道动作的发出者。 （3）动作本身比“动作的发出者”更重要。
（4）在书面语，特别是在科技报告、报刊文章中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。
The water ___ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. （2006） A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future______to the well-educate. （2009重庆）
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
集焦点于动作的承受着 只有及物动词有被动语态
2、时态和被动语态 时态 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 will do
被动形式 is/am/are + 过去分词 is/am/are being + 过去分词 was/were + 过去分词 was/were being + 过去分词 have/has been + 过去分词 will be + 过去分词 be going to do be going to be + 过去分词 1
-Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? -Sorry. _______.（2009江苏）
A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired
No decision __________ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. （2008北京）
A. will be made B. is made
C. is being made D. has been made
I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. （2008安徽） A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught -Do you have any problems if you ___this job? -Well, I’m thinking about the salary.（2008湖南）
A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered 3、下列及物动词通常用于被动句： be born be fined be headed be indicated be overcome be scheduled be shipped be wounded 4、有些及物动词因动作承受者几乎引不起人们兴趣，很少用于被动句： escape flee get have let like race resemble suit survive 二、主谓一致
The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.（2010北京中考） A. am B. is C. are D. be
There ______ many students in the library after school every day.（2009北京中考） A. has B. have C. is D. are
由there或here引导的句子，主语不止一个名词时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
Lucy and Lily ___ sisters. They study at the same school.（2008北京中考） A. be B. am C. is D. are 两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006江苏）
A. is B. are C. was D. were
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（2007浙江）
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
2
当and不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语从此用单数。
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.（2009湖南）
A. are B. is C. have D. be 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either…or，neither…nor或not only…but also连接时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ visit Beijing this summer.（2009陕西）
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。
No one in the department but Tom and I __ that the director is going to resign.（2004上海春）
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone，somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
集体名词
使用集体名词作主语时，动词既可用单数，也可用复数: 如果将某个群体作为整体看待，动词用单数形式； 如果看作该群体的若干个体，动词则用复数形式。
Christmas is a special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together. （2007辽宁）
下列是常见的集体名词: class police school family group crowd the public government audience team college 3
