高三英语阅读理解(人物故事)解题技巧(超强)及练习题(含答案)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类 1．阅读理解

In early February 2019, 51-year-old Rainer Schimpf and his team set out to film South Africa's Sardine Run off the coast of Point Elizabeth Sardine Run, the annual migration(迁徙)of billions of sardines (a small sea fish), is a big draw for large predators, especially the dolphin and whale. Predators are animals that kill and eat other animals. In an attempt to obtain the best images of the incredible natural phenomenon, Rainer dived into the middle of a spinning ball of fish. Suddenly the sea moved around violently, and the experienced diver and his photographer Heinz Toperczer, who was filming from the boat, instantly realized something strange was going on. Suddenly dolphins shot out of the water, a white spray came out and then a whale appeared and grasped Rainer

While Toperczer was filming the terrifying turn of events with his video camera, Rainer, who was trapped had first and engulfed(吞噬)in darkness inside the whales mouth, was trying to survive. Nothing can actually prepare you for the event when you end up inside the pure instinct(本能), \"the diver told Barcroft TV. \"Knowing in the whale's mouth, I tried to control my fear. But I was convinced that it was going to dive down and release me much deeper in the ocean.\"

\"The whale quickly realized he was no sardine! As the whale turned sideways, he opened his mouth slightly to release me, and I was washed out, together with what felt like tons of water, of his mouth,\" recalled Rainer. Though the entire incident lasted just 1.8 seconds, it felt like a year to Rainer.

Still holding his underwater camera in his hand, the diver swam to his boat, where he was quickly rescued by the members of the team. The terrible adventure did not disturb Rainer for too long. After checking to ensure he had no injuries, the diver returned to the water to seek out more.

（1）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. A Diver's Narrow Escape from a Whales Mouth B. The Annual Migration of Billions of Sea sardines C. A Frightening and Fantastic Experience under Sea D. An Adventurous Trip off Coast Of Point Elizabeth （2）What animals does Sardine Run appeal to most?

A. seagull. B. Seals. C. Dolphins. D. tortoises. （3）What did Rainer probably do first once in the whales mouth? A. He dived aimlessly. B. He cried desperately. C. He panicked immediately. D. He struggled violently.

（4）According to the passage, we can say that Rainer was very_______. A. intelligent B. generous C. flexible D. fortunate

【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，51岁的Rainer在南非的海域拍摄沙丁鱼迁徙过程中。从鲸鱼口中死里逃生。

（1）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文讲述了51岁的Rainer在南非的海域拍摄一年一度的沙丁鱼迁徙过程中从鲸鱼口中死里逃生的经历，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"the annual migration(迁徙)of billions of sardines (a small sea fish), is a big draw for large predators, especially the dolphin and whale.\"可知，沙丁鱼迁徙最吸引海豚和鲸鱼，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的\"I tried to control my fear.\"可知，一开始，Rainer一定是惊慌失措的，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后两段可知，鲸鱼意识到自己吞入的不是沙丁鱼后，把Rainer连同几吨水给吐了出来，Rainer竟然毫发无损地死里逃生，由此可知，Rainer非常幸运，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Open water swimming

I had only swum in open water a few times, and always in gentle lakes, so I wasn't prepared for how rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day. A swimmer told me the water felt colder than it had been measured, and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000 others, was about to complete the challenge.

Most of the people taking part were doing a one-mile race, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners—which is precisely the aim of the swims, to get as many people as possible completing their own challenge. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year had swum in every one-mile race.

I had chosen the third one-mile race of the day. There were over 600 people in my race. We were taken through an acclimatization area a children's paddling pool-sized part of the lake where we moved in to feel how cold the water was. \"Not too bad\" was everyone's thought! Then we headed out towards the middle of the lake.

We'd been warned that the first 100 metres would be really rough. However, somewhere near the 750m mark I was still waiting for the calm; it felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. I tried to focus on my breathing and technique, and just keep going. As I approached the 400m-to-go mark my lower right leg became painful. I recalled overhearing people talking about how they kept swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it didn't work. I began to feel the entire leg tight

and painful. I didn't want to stop, so I bent my right knee and just kicked with the left leg. Finally I saw the finishing post, and I just concentrated on getting there—still one-legged. My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 seconds but that didn't matter—the atmosphere was fantastic and everyone felt a sense of achievement, whatever their time. I'm hooked, and want to give it another go. I've already signed up for my next open-water swim. （1）How did the author feel before the race? A. Scared of the most challenging race. B. Disappointed by the difficult conditions. C. Concerned about the other swimmers in the race. D. Determined to be as tough as the people around her.

（2）Why does the author mention the two people in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the importance of the race. B. To praise the experienced swimmers. C. To show the wide range of the participants. D. To introduce the various events of the race.

（3）The author suggests in Paragraph 4 that ______. A. the race would cause breathing problems B. the race became harder than she had expected C. it was really necessary to prepare for tough swims D. it would have been easier if she had taken others' advice （4）What does the author talk about in the last paragraph?

A. Her confidence in her own ability. B. Her pride in having swum so quickly. C. Her eagerness to repeat the experience. D. Her surprise at having managed to finish. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了参加一英里的天然水域游泳的经历，最终成功到达终点线。

（1）考查推理判断。 根据第一段中的“But I, along with 10,000 others, was about to complete the challenge.”可知，我马上和其他10000名游泳者完成这项挑战，故可知，他们很坚定要完成这项运动，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners—which is precisely the aim of the swims, to get as many people as possible completing their own challenge. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year had swum in every one-mile race.”可知，参赛者包括天然水域游泳的爱好者，也包括初学者，也有很多人完成自己的挑战，这里面就有77岁参加2英里游泳的老人，也有去年参加一英里的男子，故可知，该比赛参与者范围很广，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“I recalled overhearing people talking about how they

kept swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it didn't work. I began to feel the entire leg tight and painful.”可知，我想起了那些人提及的克服水中抽筋的技巧，但是没有作用，我感觉整条腿开始紧张疼痛，故可知，这次比赛比她想象的要艰难，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I'm hooked, and want to give it another go. I've already signed up for my next open-water swim.”可知，我被吸引住了，想要再尝试一次，准备好为下一次游泳比赛报名，故可知，作者为完成比赛而感到兴奋，也喜欢上了这项运动，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodies weren't human. They were feline — ancient cats that had been mummified(木乃伊化的) and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. \"Not one or two here and there\English Illustrated Magazine, \"but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep. \" Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England. Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.

In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites' wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.

\"They're really displays of daily life,\" says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago. \"You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.\"

（1）Which of the following words has the closest meaning to \"peddled\"(paragraph 1)? A. modernized B. displayed C. illustrated D. demonstrated （2）Why was archaeology once referred to as a \"treasure hunt \"(paragraph 3)? A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold. B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable. C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt. D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value. （3）Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?

A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.

B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past. C. She wants to identify the King's personal belongings and classify them.

D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains. （4）This article probably encourages the readers to _____________. A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestors B. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behind

C. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masks D. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，自从1888年在埃及发现了猫动物的木乃伊之后，大量的皇家墓穴被挖掘，成千上万的木乃伊被运往世界各地，以攫取物质利益。后来考古学家不再只是寻宝，而是把它作为一门科学研究。因为木乃伊展示了古埃及人的日常生活。正如古物学家萨利玛·伊克拉姆所说，木乃伊的研究是现代社会和过去的联系的桥梁。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中 \"Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer.\"可知，peddled后的\"to tourists for change\"即\"把最好的给游客来换取零钱\"，可知，此处的peddled是\"兜售\"给游客以换取零钱，可知peddle就是向他人炫耀从而售出，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。第二段叙述了\"最初考古是为了寻找皇家陵墓，寻找华丽的黄金和彩绘面具来装饰欧洲和美洲的地产和博物馆。成千上万的来自古埃及的动物木乃伊出现在埃及各地的宗教场所，但很少有人研究它们\"。可知，考古就是寻宝，为了物质上的价值。以及第三段中的“ In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. ”从那以后的一个世纪里，考古学已不再是寻宝，而是一门科学，可知，他们寻找古埃及的遗迹仅仅是为了他们的物质价值。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago.”可知，Salima Ikram把她的发现进行分类之后，她为这些收藏品创建了一个画廊——一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的桥梁。以及她的话\"You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.\" \"你看着这些动物木乃伊，突然你说，哦，国王某某养了一只宠物。我有一只宠物。古埃及人与我们之间的距离不再是5000多年前的事了，而是变得更加清晰，离我们更近了。\"由此可推断出她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会与过去联系起来。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。本文主要叙述了古代埃及的木乃伊展示了古代埃及人的日常生活，是了解它们的途径，有助于在现代社会与过去的之间建立一座桥梁。通过研究它们可以让我们正确的评估过去。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

About 6 years ago, I was on a plane next to a woman. I was tired and wanted to take a nap. But before I could go into \"ignore pattern\ \"Hi, my name is Helga!\"

We got to talking and eventually it came up that I had started an organization in high school called R.A.K.E.(Random Acts of Kindness, Etc.). As I described what we did, Helga got very serious and told me that she admired me for that. She told me a story about the last time she had flown. She was on the way to Arizona because she had gotten sudden news that her dad's health was on the decline. Later her father's physician called to inform her that her dad had rather suddenly passed away. For the 3-hour plane ride, she sat in silence around strangers.

When she arrived at the airport in Arizona, she walked to the nearest wall, sat down, and cried. And here is the part I'll never forget about Helga's story. For 2 hours she sat and wept while thousands walked to and fro in the airport. Helga looked at me and said, \"Houston, not a single person stopped and asked if I was okay that day.\" It was that day that I realized how much we need each other. It was that day I realized that kindness isn't normal.

Kindness isn't normal. That has stuck with me all these years especially now. I work in schools nationwide speaking about sympathy, kindness, empathy (同理心) and love. I'm reminded all the time that, for many of us, kindness is not usually our default setting. We spend so much time worrying about our problems, our lives, our insecurities, getting to our flight so we walk by or ignore people in need of help.

So, I've made it my mission to do my part in sharing stories with students, teachers, and parents about our need for character and sympathy. I'm always be on the lookout for the little opportunities that surround me every day to do something nice. （1）What impressed the author most about Helga's story? A. Helga's anxiety over her father's sudden illness. B. Helga had no one to talk to on her flight to Arizona. C. Helga was ignored by people around her when she cried. D. Helga couldn't get over her sadness over her Father's death.

（2）Which can best explain the underlined part \"default setting\" in paragraph 5? A. Usual way of doing things. B. Unexpected way to do things. C. Ignorance to people around. D. Biggest surprise to others.

（3）What can we know about the author? A. He started many clubs in high school. B. He used to be a school teacher. C. He teaches kids how to behave well. D. He is a promoter of a good cause.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Comforting People in Need B. Making Kindness Normal C. Ignoring Unnecessary Troubles D. Practising Kindness on the Plane 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者乘飞机时和女乘客 Helga 坐在了一起，Helga讲述了关于她的父亲死亡时，她在 Arizona 机场伤心痛苦时，旁人的态度，使得作者想在学校组织善行，让学生们用自己的善意去帮助那些需要帮助的人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ And here is the part I'll never forget about Helga's story. For 2 hours she sat and wept while thousands walked to and fro in the airport. ”可知作者对Helga哭泣时来来往往的人漠不关心的态度印象深刻，受到了触动，故选C。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“ We spend so much time worrying about our problems, our lives, our insecurities, getting to our flight so we walk by or ignore people in need of help. ”可知，我们总是过多的关注自己，所以行善不是我们通常做事的方式，可推知选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ I work in schools nationwide speaking about sympathy, kindness, empathy (同理心) and love. ”以及最后一段中的“ I've made it my mission to do my part in sharing stories with students, teachers, and parents about our need for character and sympathy. ”可知作者是一个好的事业推广者，选D。

（4）考查主旨大意，纵观全文可知。本文通过 Helga讲述自己的经历，使得作者决定要让善行成为人们习以为常的事，注意关注生活中需要帮助的人，不冷漠以待。可知选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

On Wednesday, January 13th, I performed on stage for the first time. As someone who takes part in so many activities, it's extremely difficult to find the time to be a part of any production. For me, it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to try acting through the Senior Play Project. Auditions (试镜)came first. They weren't particularly difficult, more to see who may be a better fit tor certain roles. We were told our roles in the various plays, and started to work immediately. I was unsure of how I was as an actor, and I had to learn a lot fast: actions, my place in the story, my reactions, and countless other small details... As I began to improve as an actor, I was able to understand my characters better.

My first character is a man named Roger who is a senior advisor to a presidential candidate in a play called \"The Spot.\" He's a short-tempered guy who says what he wants and takes what he

wants to assist his candidate in today's tough political races. He's on the set of The Spot, an advertisement for the candidate, to make sure everything runs smoothly and that any problems are dealt with quickly and efficiently.

While I had really interesting characters, and the plays were funny and such a great experience to act in, I really love the Senior Play Project for the people. I worked with 12 other seniors who not only loved what they were doing, but offered help and advice throughout my entire learning process.

Between the lights, sounds, costume and makeup, and plenty more, theatre is a team sport just like basketball or baseball. There are no small parts; there is no one who isn't needed. I've learned to appreciate live theatre, and the effort that every person in the show, both onstage and offstage, puts into it.

（1）How did the author feel about being in the project?

A. Lucky. B. Tired. C. Nervous. D. Confident. （2）What do we know about the character Roger?

A. He means what he says. B. He puts up an advertisement. C. He gives advice to the candidate. D. He is running for president. （3）What does the author like most about the project?

A. The people. B. The plays. C. The characters. D. The costume. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Senior Play Project. B. Acting for the First Time. C. What Makes a Good Actor. D. A Lesson Learnt through Acting. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了第一次登台表演的经历。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“As someone who takes part in so many activities, it's extremely difficult to find the time to be a part of any production. For me, it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to try acting through the Senior Play Project. ”对作者来说，这是一个千载难逢的机会，来尝试表演，从而可以推断出，作者对于参加这个项目感到非常幸运。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“My first character is a man named Roger who is a senior advisor to a presidential candidate in a play called ‘The Spot.’ He's a short-tempered guy who says what he wants and takes what he wants to assist his candidate in today's tough political races.”可知，罗杰在剧中是一位总统候选人的高级顾问，从而可以推断出，他给候选人提供建议。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While I had really interesting characters, and the plays were funny and such a great experience to act in, I really love the Senior Play Project for the people. ”可知，作者最喜欢戏剧项目中的是人。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On Wednesday, January 13th, I performed on stage for

the first time.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述作者第一次登台表演的经历。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Every year from March to October, Christian Moullec, also known as \"Birdman,\" takes to the skies aboard his adapted light aircraft. However, the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks (鸟群) of lesser white-fronted geese (小白额雁) through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations. His deed began in 1995 when he noticed their declining population in the wilds of Lapland, Sweden. To prevent their numbers from dropping further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters. However, getting grown geese to follow his lead proved challenging. As young geese imitate and follow whomever they view as their parent, Moullec decided to raise the geese from birth. To help raise funds and awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide, Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft. In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them, visitors, who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away, are treated to a variety of crane and geese species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.

He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe. Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds, with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years. \"It's a disaster,\" he said. \"My beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.\" （1）Why does \"Birdman\" always fly to the sky on his aircraft? A.To observe geese along their migration routes. B.To follow geese through safe migration paths. C.To take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft. D.To guide geese fly safely during the migration. （2）What do we know about \"Birdman\"? A.He is a nature lover. B.He is a bird watcher. C.He is a volunteer pilot. D.He is a bird hunter.

（3）What does Moullec often take photos in his flights for? A.Recording the use of agricultural chemicals. B.Showing serious damage caused by chemicals. C.Describing his experiences with flying birds. D.Capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Birdman Guides Flocks to Learn to Fly.

B.Birdman Finds Birds Disappearing. C.Birdman Helps Flocks Safely Migrate. D.Birdman Protects Birds From Hunters. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】短文大意：Christian Moullec通过驾驶他的轻型飞行器来指导小白额雁安全迁徙，他还带领游客们一起体验这种飞行来增强人们保护鸟类的意识。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段but to guide flocks (鸟群) of lesser white-fronted geese (小白额雁) through safe migration paths可知Birdman是用他的飞行器指导小白额雁安全迁徙，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。通过文章可知Birdman不仅指导小白额雁安全迁徙还认为农药的使用对野生鸟类造成伤害，可以看出他是一个热爱自然的人，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第五段He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe。可知他拍照是为了展示这些照片反映的问题，也就是农药的使用加速了鸟类的数量减少，故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知Molluec驾驶轻型飞行器是为了帮助小白额雁沿着安全的路程迁徙，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，寻找主题句，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

For many families, a night at the ballpark is a treat. But it can be a terrible experience for those with autistic(自闭症的)children, who are sensitive to light and noise and usually become upset and scared.

For these families, fear of how their child will react to new situations-and how others will react to them-keeps them from gaining everyday experiences others get to have.

Dr. Wendy Ross was heartbroken to see that. The pediatrician(儿科医生)in Philadelphia also knew that separation from the community didn't serve her patients well in the long run. \"If kids are not in the community, building their skills from very young ages, then there's no reason to expect them to be independent one day,\" Ross said. \"It's a social disability. It needs to be addressed in a social setting.\"

So in 2007, Ross set out to do just that. Today, her nonprofit, Autism Inclusion Resources, helps families affected by autism deal with challenging social situations, such as sporting events, airport travel and museum visits.

Many Major League Baseball teams hold annual 44autism awareness nightsemporary measures such as lowering the volume (音量)on the public address system. But Ross

wanted to do more. \"You can't turn down the volume of the world,\" Ross said. \"It's nice to do it for one night, but our goal is for families to be able to go to a game on any night.\" To that end, Ross partnered with the Philadelphia Phillies to develop a creative program. She armed all the Phillies players and game-day staff with knowledge about autism and how to interact with individuals who have the disorder. Each family is also provided a clinician at the game who gives additional support if problems arise. She also helps prepare the families for the event.

Ross has also found her airport travel program to be successful for families. Using the same principles, she trains airline and security staff at major airports and then guides families through the travel experience, including checking in, going through security and boarding a plane. Ross hopes that the tools she gives families can help them explore other settings on their own. \"We really see it as a stepping stone to a brighter future,\" she said. （1）According to Ross, what does a social disability mean? A. Fearing light and noise. B. Lacking social experience.

C. Having to rely on others for help. D. Being separated from the community. （2）What does the underlined part \"do more\ A. Making the ballpark less noisy. B. Making baseball teams autism-friendly. C. Providing a normal game for autistic children. D. Encouraging autistic children to go out into public. （3）What is the Philadelphia Phillies?

A. A baseball team. B. A baseball game.

C. A team of clinicians. D. Families with autistic children. （4）What is the purpose of Ross's airport travel program? A. To help families to learn about air travel. B. To teach airport staff knowledge about autism. C. To teach autistic children how to travel by air. D. To help autistic children get used to social situations. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，儿科医生Dr. Wendy Ross为了让深受自闭症折磨的孩子和家庭能够顺利融入社会而做出的卓有成效的努力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If kids are not in the community, building their skills from very young ages, then there's no reason to expect them to be independent one day,\" 以及\"It's a social disability. It needs to be addressed in a social setting.\"一句中解释了a social disability的概念:无法,只能依靠别人的帮助。故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的”It's nice to do it for one night, but our goal is for families to be able to go to a game on any night.“可知Ross并不是只想举办一场特殊的比赛,而是想让患有自闭症的孩子们每个晚上都能观看比赛。由此可知\"do more意为:为自闭症孩子

提供正常比赛。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的\"partnered with the Philadelphia Phillies\"及第八段中的”She armed all the Phillies players...\"可知Philadelphia Phillies应该是一支棒球队伍。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的''...helps families affected by autism deal with challenging social situations, such as sporting events, airport travel and museum visits\"；以及倒数第二段中的\" Ross has also found her airport travel program to be successful for families. Using the same principles...\"可知,让患自闭症的儿童去机场也是使这些儿童适应社会环境。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Every person plans to run off to some tropical isle, but few do. Real life, family, work, and monetary limitations get in the way. Ian Fleming let none of these considerations stop him. After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return. He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment.

For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset, but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever. As Fleming waited in Jamaica for Anne's divorce to become final, he wrote the first draft of a novel, Casino Royale.

Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written. Fleming incurred the respect of authors as diverse as Raymond Chandler, Kingsley Amis, and Edith Sitwell. His fans included John, Jackie, and Bobby Kennedy, and his social circle included Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Evelyn Waugh, and Somerset Maugham.

Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the \"Fleming-flair\" ensured exciting reading. He wrote the \"Atticus\" column for the Sunday Times, proving a wonderful conduit for inside intelligence information, and clever rebukes (指责). Regardless of book sales or family obligations, Fleming managed to live the life he wanted. As the years passed, his passion for golfing increased so he took more time with it. Fleming's long-term fascination with America grew, so he traveled there more often.

Ian Fleming's full life caught up with him through his heart. It may be that years of drinking and smoking took their toll, or that the butter-rich cooking Fleming loved was the culprit. Or maybe it was just genetics. Whatever the cause, Fleming's health declined in the late 1950s. This plus

anxieties in the marriage increased Fleming's depression. With the success of Bond, the world came knocking at Fleming's door, and he had a harder time shutting those out that he did not want in his life.

Nonetheless, Fleming fought the loosing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fire. He continued to drink and smoke, making some excuses but not many. He wrote books he wanted to read, and traveled the world with style and authority. By this time, Fleming had already earned his own fortune, created his own identity, and ruled his own literary empire. （1）According to the second paragraph, Fleming accepted the job offered by Kemsley newspaper ________.

A. and had to give up his yearly holiday plan to Jamaica B. because he was offered to work in Jamaica every winter C. so that he wouldn't have to look for employment elsewhere D. on condition that he took two months off to Jamaica every year （2）What led Fleming follow the path of writing?

A. His dream to be a writer. B. The pressure from a woman. C. His potential for literature. D. His state of health. （3）When he began writing, Fleming never expected that ________. A. he would change popular culture B. he could get over the pressure C. Anne would have a divorce D. Anne would keep his child （4）Fleming's thrillers reflected his ________.

A. sense for popular culture B. relationship with Anne C. own personalities D. life at Jamaica

（5）The fact that \"Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism\" shows that ________.

A. Fleming took up journalism when he finished Bond's adventures B. Fleming put Bond through many thrilling adventures C. Fleming described Bond as an adventurous journalist

D. Fleming experienced Bond's adventures when he was a journalist （6）According to the passage, Fleming died of ________. A. an unidentified reason B. a disease of the heart C. an unknown family disease D. over drinking and smoking 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）C （5）B （6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了Fleming是如何走向写作之路的、他的写作特点及他的影响等。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段\"After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his

return.He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment.\"及第三段中的\"For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset\"。可知，他接受了在肯斯利报业 的 工作也没有妥协——一年中的有两个月将到牙买加（度假），或者他会去其他地方找工作，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey\"可知，Fleming走向写作之路来一类自一位怀孕的妇女的压力，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\" but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever.\"中的末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定语从句中的内容是发生在Fleming开始写作之后，而且他自己从未想过自己的会改变他的一生和流行文化。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written.\" 弗莱明的写作生涯值得更多的审视，但在接下来的12年里，伊恩·弗莱明把他的精英生活、他的傲慢、他的风格和他尖刻的机智转变成了一些有史以来最伟大的惊悚小说。根据句中的\"elite existence, arrogance, style, and acid\"等词都是与个性特点有关，表明了Fleming在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点，故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的\"Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the \"Fleming-flair\" ensured exciting reading.\"可知，Fleming 用adventure journalism（新闻式的历险故事）“充满”了关于Bond的故事。Bond是他所写的故事的主角，即Fleming在小说中让这个主角经历了各种各样的“历险”，由此可知，B项符合题意。原文中\"journalism\"并非与新闻界有关，只是用于描述Fleming的故事的特点，因此其他三项是对journalism的误解。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的\"Fleming's full life caught up with him through his hear\"和最后一段中的\"Nonetheless, Fleming fought the losing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fir\"都提到了heart一词，而最后一段中的\"losing battle of his weakening heart\"明确了Fleming无法战胜他的心脏病，并最终输掉了与心脏病的“战斗”。由此可知，Fleming是死于心脏病的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his grandfather's ships. Today Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental

problems and market economies.

Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures. For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments. In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion \"fish\" worldwide.

From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.

Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media. （1）What is Not Fabien's job?

A. Ocean explorer B. Documentary filmmaker C. Environmentalist D. Media manager （2）How is Paragraph 2 developed? A. By providing facts. B. By offering analyses. C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions.

（3）We can learn from the text that ________. A. Fabien's \"Plant A Fish\" project has already achieved its final goal B. Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations C. Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences D. It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own （4）In which part of a website can we read the text? A. Modern Technology. B. Space Exploration. C. Outstanding Figures. D. Fantastic Wildlife. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Fabien Cousteau研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋濒临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的

记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.”可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；再根据第一段中的“With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.”可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…”可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. ”Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn, California. Over the last three and a half years, the anti-littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts (烟头) from the streets of her home city.

Called the \"Butt Lady\" by her local community, Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October, 2014. The woman looked for cigarette butts, picked them up and threw them in the trash. To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a historic milestone—one million cigarette butts.

\"I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere,\" Sally Dawly said. \"I'm just shocked that I had to pick up so many. I've ever picked up 3,000 butts in one day,\" she said. \"Don't throw away your butts; better yet, stop smoking.\"

With so many cigarette butts littering the streets, can one person's efforts really make a difference? Surprisingly, the answer seems to be yes. Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread, cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city. Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone.

Sally knows her city's cigarette butt littering problem won't be solved anytime soon, but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets. She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers, and already has a

new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts.

Word of the Butt Lady's efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt-free has reached neighboring communities as well, and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well.

（1）Why does Sally Dawly carry an iPad with her while picking up the butts? A. To entertain the crowds. B. To monitor the smokers. C. To attract peoples attention. D. To record the number of butts. （2）How did Sally Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts? A. Excited but upset. B. Shocked and sorry. C. Frightened but content. D. Astonished and desperate. （3）From the text. what can be inferred about Sally Dawly? A. She picks up nearly 3,000 cigarette butts every day. B. She will work in other cities in California in the future. C. She has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts.

D. She picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community. （4）What is the text mainly about?

A. California's \"Butt Lady\". B. Fighting against smoking. C. Californians health problems. D. Smoking problems in California. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士”，她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet（平板电脑）”可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量，the Butt Lady带了平板电脑。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“and already has a new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts” 她已经有了一个新的里程碑——两百万烟头。可知选C （4）考查主旨大意。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。