高考英语-完形填空-真题反向深度解析
一、原文解析：
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川） are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelop the
mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
完形填空原文解析不是马后炮，主要目的是给大家提供一个从文章作者与命题人角度解完形填空题的反向思路，因为理解文章才是做完形填空的根本，如何理解一篇文章呢？我们可以从语段和语篇两个维度进行理解。语段具有相关性，语篇具有整体性，本文作为一个整体由五个自然段落组成，对段落相关性的理解可以通过关键词来找到段落内容的交点。文章段落的关键词如下： para①关键词：
1、40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro 2、lots of waste 3、disappearing（关4、 changing 其中40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro为交点。 para②关键词：
1、skeptical 2、purer” natural experiences 其中skeptical交点 para③关键词
1、has changed 2、tons of rubbish 3、a clean mountain 4、the environmental challenges 5、be paying off 其中has changed为交点 para④关键词：
1、go through five ecosystems 2、At the base 3、Further up 4、Above 4, 000 meters 5、Finally 其中go through five ecosystems为交点 para⑤
I found the opposite to be true既是关键词也是文章的中心句。
二、设空解析
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring （1）with them lots of waste.
The crowds （2）might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川） are disappearing, changing the face（3） of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical （4） about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon discover （5）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps（ 6）among tons of rubbish. I find a clean （7）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant （8）but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. （9）
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, （10）in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded （11）as spiritual places by many cultures. This view （12）is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers （13）go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000
meters, giving way to （14）lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes （15）— low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I count （16）twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: （17）gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. Finally （18）you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent （19） 要 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro deserve （20）its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
完形填空文章的选材在体裁上以记叙文与说明文居多，也有夹叙夹议类的文章。文章语法结构丰富，在词汇上没有超纲难词，使用的都是考生所熟悉的词汇，但为了体现注重语境的考查，很多词汇都具有一词多性，一词多义现象，甚至有的词在文章中使用的不是词的本义，而是通过比喻或引伸出来的转义。文章话题具有时代气息，贴近学生的学习与生活。文章思想积极向上，具有一定的教育意义。
高考完形填空文章一般都是在300词左右，设20个空，设空处词汇大多为实词，其中实词又以动词、名词具多。
2019年全国I卷动词设空为8空（1、5、9、11、14、15、16、20），设空占比为百分之四十。名词设空为7空(2、3、6、10、12、13、17)，设空占比为百分之三十五。形容词与副词设空5空（4、7、8、18、19），设空占比为百分之二十五。
三、完形填空解题对策
完形填空的选项一般为四个语法形式相同的实词或短语，完形填空是考查这些实词或短语在文章背景下的运用，在做完形填空时我们首先要考虑的是文章。完形填空的正确选项要紧密围绕为文章中心或段落要点。做完形填空时我们可以采取以下三个步骤。第一步：通读全文，快速抓住文章中心大意。第二步：以文章中心或段落交点为准绳，联系上下文，选出正确选项。第三步：选完后，再次通读全文，做出必要的调整。
四、试题还原
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away 50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight 51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits 56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add 57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
答案：41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A
56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
