英文写作——文章的展开

英文写作——文章的展开

文章的正文部分即body的展开方式主要有以下几种，视topic 的性质而定：

1. 原因结果句型：当分析和解释某一事物或现象时，可用这种句型来说明其基本的，多方面的原因。

表示基本原因的有：

A、 There are probably many/several/a number of/a variety of reasons/causes for this dramatic/marked/significant/extraordinary growth/change in …. First …, second ….

B、 Why have/did/are …? For one thing …; for another …. Perhaps the main/primary/fundamental/most important reason is ….

C、 It is no easy/simple job/task to identify/offer/advance the reasons for this new phenomenon/tendency which involves several/many complicated factors. For some …, for others ….

D、 It is fairly easy/ one doesn’t have to look very far to find out/identify the reason that/why ….

E、 The answer to/ the explanation for this problem involves several complex/interrelated factors. Some …, others …, still others ….

F、 Thanks to/owing to/due to/because of/as a result of/in consequent of

G、 One may attribute/ascribe/owe the increase/decrease/change to … as a sign of/response to ….

H、 A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ….

表示另外原因的有：

I、 Among the

by

most sound/important/convincing

for

…

,

it

reasons

be

given/cited/identified people should

mentioned/stressed/emphasized that ….

J、 Among other things, … also plays a part.

K、 Some people suggest that the fault lies with people who/things that …. But it doesn’t answer the question/ is only partly right. The underlying reason that is often neglected is ….

L、 We may blame/criticize … for …,but the roots for the problem/trend go far/much deeper.

表示后果影响的句型有:

M、 The great/considerable/deep/desirable effect/influence/impact this

change makes/exerts/has on … is evident/apparent/obvious.

N、 It will have exercise/exert/produce/bring about a

decisive/profound/far-reaching/unfavorable/disastrous effect on ….

O、 The influence/effect/consequence of …has not been confined/limited to…. It will also ….

P、 The immediate/eventual result it produces/brings about is …. And perhaps the most fundamental change of … is ….

2. 比较对照句型

表示一个事物的两面或者两个相同事物的比较:

A、 The advantage derived from … far outweigh/are much greater than the disadvantage it entails.

B、 The effect of the contrast is heightened by the special/particular advantage … enjoys.

C、 Indeed/certainly, A carries/bears much significance/ plays a more important role as/when compared to/with B in doing ….

D、 There is no doubt that it has its/both drawbacks/disadvantages/negative effects as well as merits/advantages/positive effects.

E、 A and B have/share several things in common/ are alike in that both/A bears striking/close resemblances to B.

F、 No more than/ no less than/just as … so…/ similarly/likewise/in the same way.

表示两个不同事物的比较:

G、 while on the one hand …, on the other hand ….

H、 Whereas/on the contrary/by contrast

I、 A and B differ widely/essentially/profoundly in/as to…. Unlike A, B ….

J、 A …. But the same cannot be said for/applied to B.

K、 In the past/many years ago, …. But now/today … has changed/altered/ is no longer the same.

3. 承上启下句型

A、 To understand the point/truth of …, it is necessary to analyze/examine ….

B、 To get a sense of/better look at/better understanding of/a full appreciation of how/what …, we must/ have to turn first to/ make a close study

of … before we can arrive at a conclusion.

C、 A close study/analysis/comparison of …, perhaps, will make this point clear.

D、 But that’s only part of the story/explanation. Perhaps the most significant/remarkable/surprising about … is ….

E、 Another equally important role/aspect/function is….

F、 Closely connected with/related to/associated with this factor is ….

4、批评驳斥句型

直接驳斥：首先引出文章中要驳斥的观点，或作者不赞同的意见，然后再一一反驳。

a、 Although everyone believes that …, I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/close examination.

b、 Although the popular/nationwide/common-accepted

belief/idea/assumption is that …,a current/recent/new study/survey/investigation indicates/shows/reveals/demonstrates that ….

c、 Although/while the inclination/tendency to … is

desirable/understandable, one may wonder whether … is just/fair.

d、 Many/most people argue/claim/contend that …, but this

claim/statement may be questioned/doubted.

e、 Most of us/the majority of people have been taken in by the notion/idea/ under the illusion that …. There is no such thing as the right/good for ….

f、 They may be right/correct in saying/asserting the idea/belief that …,but

they seem to fail/neglect to mention/take note of/take into account the fact/factor that ….

g、 In all the debate over/discussion about …, one

basic/important/fundamental fact is generally overlooked/neglected.

h、 It is perhaps/probably/maybe

point/fact

is

true being

that left

…,but of

one our

deeper/vital/critical/essential out

thinking/consciousness/analysis/consideration.

i、 This idea/approach doesn’t hold water/work. The opposite/reverse is

usually true/seems to be the case.

j、 At first thought/glance/On the surface/On the face of it, it/this may

seem a sound/attractive/good idea/suggestion/possibility/solution, but on second thoughts/on close examination/considering it in detail/carefully weighing it in the balance, I find ….

k、 We have been brought/grown up to believe/be told that …. Yet ….

批评分析：用于对某一观点进行分析，指出其错误性和荒谬性，加以驳斥。

a、 To claim/assume/suggest/say that … is to miss the point/wide of the mark/far from being proved/a gross exaggeration/the most obvious kind of nonsense.

b、 The great/main problem/trouble with this view/argument is that it is ignorant of/blind to the bare/basic fact that ….

c、 The obvious/serious/fatal flaw/drawback/defect in the idea/remark/view is that it fails to take …into consideration.

d、 In many cases/On some occasions, public/general dissatisfaction with/criticism of … is unfair, for there is much we just take for granted without any serious scrutiny.

e、 This argument/statement rests/is based on the assumption that …, a presupposition that itself must be tested against evidence/self-evident.

f、 It is one thing to insist/believe/claim that …, but it is quite another to

say/show/prove that …. (another cup of tea)

5. 推理分析句型

分析判断：用于分析阐述作者的观点，引出作者的价值判断及见解。

a、 It seems quite/almost likely/possible/credible/conceivable/inevitable that …. The chances are that ….

b、 It that ….

seems natural/worthwhile/noteworthy/appropriate/reasonable

c、 It is perhaps more/quite/fairly accurate/safe to say that ….

d、 What really disturbs/surprises/interests/matters to/counts to us most is ….

e、 On the face of it, it sounds/seems absurd/ridiculous. Nonetheless/yet, it is true.

f、 There is much/something to be said for/against the view ….

g、 Historically/traditionally/generally, our society/nation has

taken/held/adopted a dim/negative/critical attitude toward ….

h、 Much has been said about …, but little is done.

推理论说：主要通过假设，让步等推理手段来得出结论，从而表达自己的观点。

a、 if this is the case, it is simply/merely/precisely because/due to the fact

that ….

b、 If half the/our money/energy were directed at/devoted to/spent on …, the situation would have been different.

c、 … would be of little use/value/importance unless ….

d、 The smallest/slightest/modest change/improvement/progress can bring about/lead to ….

e、 Anyone with the slightest/modest/least knowledge/common sense of … knows/can tell that ….

f、 to …, ….

However great the demand/urgent the need/praiseworthy the effort

6、细节支持句型

举例说明：引用具体的实例来证明自己的观点。

a、A good/better/classic case in point/example of this is/can be best provided by ….

b、as an example/illustration of …, we may take/see that ….

c、History/our nation is filled/abounds with the examples of ….

d、Consider, for example ….

e、such instances might be given/quoted easily, and these will be sufficient to show that ….

f、Just imagine that/what … would be like/happen when/if/without ….

g、 Let us suppose/imagine that you …. Would/will you act in that way?

事实或数据证明：引出一些事实和调查结论来支持论点

a、 No one can doubt/ignore/deny/overlook the bare/hard/profound fact that ….

b、 We must face/admit/recognize/mention/point out the

indisputable/undeniable/astonishing fact that ….

c、 We have whole history/reliable statistics/considerable evidence/ample proof to show that ….

d、 While it may/appear to be the case that …, the evidence suggests ….

e、 According to a new survey/the latest census, …

increased/rose/decreased/fell by/at a rate of …%.

f、 According to …, …increased/rose/decreased/dropped almost/more

than twice/5 times compared with ….

g、 The number/rate/percentage has almost doubled/tripled as against ….

h、 4 times as adj/adv as …, 4 times that of …,

i、 rose to/by …

j、 （half） as much/many again as …