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Example QA02

Cylindrical Tube With Part-Through Circumferential Crack

This example demonstrates generation of a mesh containing a crack, using several crack-blocks linked together. Geometry, Loading, Material

The specimen to be modelled is a length of circular tube containing a part through crack at the inner circumference. The specimen, shown in Figure QA02-1, has the following geometry, loading and material properties: Outside diameter 600mm Length 600mm Thickness 40mm

Crack depth (deepest point) 30% of thickness Crack length 107 around the inner circumference Applied stress  100 Nmm-2

F.E. Mesh for the Uncracked Component

From symmetry considerations, the finite element mesh for the uncracked component models one quarter of the geometry. To correctly model this, fixed displacements are applied normal to the lines of symmetry. The uncracked mesh contains 72 elements and 617 nodes and is shown in Figure QA02-2. Figure QA02-3 shows the displacement boundary conditions applied to the uncracked mesh.

The crack is to be modelled by replacing six elements in the mesh with crack-blocks. One quarter-circular and five through crack-blocks are used. The crack plane will be modelled in the plane z=0. Figures QA02-4 and QA02-5 show the desired crack plane in relation to elements and nodes in the uncracked mesh that will be replaced by crack-blocks. A uniform pressure load is applied across the end of the model at z=300. ABAQUS Input Decks for the Uncracked Component

The ABAQUS input deck for the uncracked component is given in listing 1. The following points should noted : 1. Node sets

Several node sets have been defined to assist in the specification of fixed constraints. See point number 2. 2. Fixed displacements

The fixed displacements applied to nodes of the elements being replaced must always be defined explicitly in distinct nodal lists in the *BOUNDARY data block for ABAQUS. These nodal lists are automatically updated when the crack-block is introduced. To model the symmetry correctly, fixed displacements must be applied in the z direction for nodes on the plane z=0 and in the y direction for nodes on the plane y=0. Nodes in each of these planes which are connected to the elements to be replaced are given in node lists on the *BOUNDARY block. Other nodes on each plane are defined by node sets ZNOT and YNOT. Node 10 is defined in node set XSUP for the x direction constraint. 3. Loading

Loading is applied to element faces in the plane z=300 as a uniform pressure load. The load is of magnitude 100 Nmm-2, the negative value indicating that it acts out of the element. 4. Properties

The *SOLID SECTION option is used in the standard way to associate a defined material name with an element set. ZENCRACK Input

The ZENCRACK .zcr file is given in listing 2.

Input record 1 gives the uncracked mesh name and job name. Output file name is a2ar.

Record 2 defines general flags related to the type of analysis. The options selected in this example are:

0 No modules will be debugged. The user should always enter a zero for this flag unless instructed to do otherwise by a Zentech engineer.

1 If a warning arises, issue a message and continue the analysis. 0 Do not calculate element distortion parameters.

3 Analysis with the ABAQUS finite element package. 0 Generate the cracked component mesh only. 0 Do not read any data from a restart file. 0 Do not write any data to restart files.

Record 3 defines the crack-blocks, their mapping into the mesh and their location in the mesh. In this analysis six crack-blocks are included. They are introduced using the one stage mapping process and crack front elements are modified locally when the mapping is complete.

Quarter circular crack-block sq103x4.sup is used to model the crack section as it reaches the surface of the tube. This crack-block replaces element 52, being orientated by nodes 47 and 53.

The through crack-block st88x5.sup is used to model the remainder of the crack front. This is introduced five times, to replace elements 56, 60, , 68 and 72. The crack front section in each crack-block will be introduced on the element face lying to the right of the vector defined by the node pairs specified in the input.

Record 4 defines the initial size of the crack front section in each crack-block. In this case, the crack becomes gradually deeper away from its surface end, reaching the required 30% maximum depth on the symmetry line. The ratio for the crack size on the inner surface for the quarter circular crack-block is calculated as follow:



Required crack is 107 on the inner circumference i.e. 53.5 in the symmetry model

18 elements modelling 180 of tube i.e. 10 per element  the five through crack-blocks occupy 50

 the quarter circular crack-block must occupy 3.5

 the ratio of the crack size to element length on the inner surface for the quarter circular crack-block is 3.5/10 i.e. 0.35.



Generated Mesh

The cracked component mesh is shown in Figures QA02-6 to QA02-9. Listing 3 contains the reports generated during the mesh generation.

Figure QA02-1 - Schematic of cylinder section at crack location

LISTING 1

File: a2a.inp

Description: ABAQUS input file for the uncracked component *HEADING

A2 - CYLINDRICAL TUBE - PART THROUGH CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK *PREPRINT,ECHO=NO,HISTORY=NO,MODEL=NO *RESTART,WRITE

*ELEMENT , ELSET = EALL , TYPE = C3D20

1 183 184 186 185 187 188 190 1 191 471 472 473 486 192 193

194 4 195 196 197

2 180 170 182 181 183 184 186 185 491 469 470 4 191 471 472

473 497 474 475 476

3 168 177 179 178 180 170 182 181 462 481 482 463 491 469 470

4 465 466 467 468

4 173 174 176 175 168 177 179 178 477 478 479 480 462 481 482

463 504 503 483 484

5 171 162 184 183 172 1 188 187 493 494 191 495 458 485 486

487 461 488 195 4

6 161 169 170 180 171 162 184 183 505 490 491 492 493 494 191

495 455 496 474 497

7 167 160 177 168 161 169 170 180 410 501 462 502 505 490 491

492 506 418 466 465

8 165 166 174 173 167 160 177 168 498 499 477 500 410 501 462

502 412 411 503 504

9 155 156 162 171 163 157 1 172 451 452 493 453 456 457 458

459 460 423 488 461

10 152 153 169 161 155 156 162 171 450 415 505 416 451 452 493

453 454 428 496 455

11 148 149 160 167 152 153 169 161 409 413 410 414 450 415 505

416 432 417 418 506

12 158 159 166 165 148 149 160 167 443 407 498 408 409 413 410

414 449 448 411 412

13 142 154 156 155 144 145 157 163 425 426 451 427 437 419 456

420 421 422 423 460

14 150 151 153 152 142 154 156 155 429 430 450 424 425 426 451

427 512 511 428 454

15 147 139 149 148 150 151 153 152 514 445 409 446 429 430 450

424 431 518 417 432

16 136 146 159 158 147 139 149 148 441 442 443 444 514 445 409

446 583 447 448 449

17 141 132 154 142 143 134 145 144 433 434 425 509 435 436 437

438 439 440 422 421

18 140 131 151 150 141 132 154 142 507 508 429 515 433 434 425

509 588 510 511 512

19 137 138 139 147 140 131 151 150 5 513 514 580 507 508 429

515 516 517 518 431

20 129 135 146 136 137 138 139 147 577 578 441 579 5 513 514

580 581 582 447 583

21 124 125 132 141 133 127 134 143 601 587 433 572 573 574 435

575 608 576 440 439

22 130 122 131 140 124 125 132 141 584 585 507 586 601 587 433

572 598 597 510 588

23 119 120 138 137 130 122 131 140 5 594 5 590 584 585 507

586 591 571 517 516

24 116 128 135 129 119 120 138 137 562 592 577 593 5 594 5

590 567 566 582 581

25 123 113 125 124 115 126 127 133 599 600 601 602 603 604 573

605 606 607 576 608

26 121 111 122 130 123 113 125 124 520 595 584 596 599 600 601

602 526 525 597 598

27 117 118 120 119 121 111 122 130 568 569 5 570 520 595 584

596 534 533 571 591

28 106 107 128 116 117 118 120 119 537 561 562 563 568 569 5

570 543 565 566 567

29 102 112 113 123 114 104 126 115 558 521 599 522 547 527 603

528 551 550 607 606

30 101 110 111 121 102 112 113 123 556 519 520 530 558 521 599

522 523 524 525 526

31 108 109 118 117 101 110 111 121 529 539 568 540 556 519 520

530 531 532 533 534

32 105 99 107 106 108 109 118 117 535 536 537 538 529 539 568

540 541 542 565 543

33 93 94 112 102 96 103 104 114 544 545 558 559 399 546 547

548 549 402 550 551

34 100 91 110 101 93 94 112 102 255 553 556 557 544 545 558

559 259 560 524 523

35 88 109 108 100 91 110 101 2 552 529 406 255 553 556

557 554 555 532 531

36 97 98 99 105 88 109 108 403 404 535 405 2 552 529

406 268 267 542 541

37 82 92 94 93 84 95 103 96 395 257 544 396 397 398 399

400 401 272 402 549

38 80 90 91 100 82 92 94 93 273 254 255 256 395 257 544

396 258 278 560 259

39 86 87 88 80 90 91 100 263 252 2 253 273 254 255

256 286 285 555 554

40 85 76 98 97 86 87 88 260 261 403 262 263 252 2

253 265 266 267 268

41 71 81 92 82 73 83 95 84 244 275 395 276 248 269 397

270 271 251 272 401

42 79 68 90 80 71 81 92 82 241 284 273 274 244 275 395

276 245 277 278 258

43 77 78 87 86 79 68 90 80 282 281 263 283 241 284 273

274 209 208 285 286

44 74 75 76 85 77 78 87 86 199 279 260 280 282 281 263

283 205 204 266 265

45 69 70 81 71 66 72 83 73 210 243 244 246 212 247 248

249 215 250 251 271

46 61 62 68 79 69 70 81 71 217 240 241 242 210 243 244

246 223 222 277 245

47 57 58 78 77 61 62 68 79 201 202 282 206 217 240 241

242 207 229 208 209

48 67 54 75 74 57 58 78 77 237 198 199 200 201 202 282

206 203 239 204 205

49 51 63 70 69 65 72 66 218 219 210 220 232 211 212

213 235 214 250 215

50 59 60 62 61 51 63 70 69 226 216 217 227 218 219 210

220 221 290 222 223

51 55 56 58 57 59 60 62 61 3 224 201 225 226 216 217

227 228 298 229 207

52 47 53 54 67 55 56 58 57 362 236 237 238 3 224 201

225 368 367 239 203

53 50 43 63 51 45 52 65 372 287 218 288 230 231 232

233 234 359 214 235

54 42 49 60 59 50 43 63 51 293 294 226 295 372 287 218

288 2 376 290 221

55 48 40 56 55 42 49 60 59 291 292 3 365 293 294 226

295 296 297 298 228

56 46 37 53 47 48 40 56 55 360 361 362 363 291 292 3

365 384 366 367 368

57 31 32 43 50 44 34 52 45 386 371 372 373 392 355 230

356 357 358 359 234

58 41 29 49 42 31 32 43 50 379 369 293 370 386 371 372

373 374 375 376 2

59 38 39 40 48 41 29 49 42 351 377 291 378 379 369 293

370 354 380 297 296

60 35 36 37 46 38 39 40 48 344 381 360 382 351 377 291

378 383 349 366 384

61 30 23 32 31 33 25 34 44 304 390 386 387 307 391 392

393 311 394 358 357

62 19 20 29 41 30 23 32 31 313 352 379 385 304 390 386

387 388 3 375 374

63 28 17 39 38 19 20 29 41 350 346 351 347 313 352 379

385 353 315 380 354

26 27 36 35 28 17 39 38 318 343 344 345 350 346 351

347 323 348 349 383

65 21 22 23 30 24 12 25 33 340 303 304 305 328 306 307

308 309 310 394 311

66 18 7 20 19 21 22 23 30 312 299 313 300 340 303 304

305 301 302 3 388

67 15 16 17 28 18 7 20 19 613 320 350 321 312 299 313

300 337 314 315 353

68 13 14 27 26 15 16 17 28 316 317 318 319 613 320 350

321 617 322 348 323

69 8 9 22 21 10 11 12 24 324 339 340 325 326 327 328

329 330 331 310 309

70 5 6 7 18 8 9 22 21 338 333 312 334 324 339 340

325 341 342 302 301

71 3 4 16 15 5 6 7 18 332 612 613 614 338 333 312

334 335 336 314 337

72 1 2 14 13 3 4 16 15 609 610 316 611 332 612 613

614 615 616 322 617 *NODE

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278 52.09444 295.44232 165.62500 279 77.568 2.77777 0.00000 280 67.29294 251.14075 0.00000 281 77.568 2.77777 56.25000 282 95.76563 263.11398 56.25000 283 67.29294 251.14075 56.25000 284 77.568 2.77777 125.00000 285 52.09444 295.44232 90.62500 286 45.14851 256.05002 90.62500 287 212.13205 212.13210 206.25000 288 183.84775 183.84778 206.25000 2 199.17155 167.12479 165.62500 290 192.83629 229.81342 165.62500 291 214.49246 179.98053 56.25000 292 212.13205 212.13210 56.25000 293 214.49246 179.98053 125.00000 294 212.13205 212.13210 125.00000 295 183.84775 183.84778 125.00000 296 199.17155 167.12479 90.62500 297 229.81331 192.83629 90.62500 298 192.83629 229.81342 90.62500 299 2.77774 77.572 125.00000 300 251.14069 67.29295 125.00000 301 256.04999 45.14853 165.62500 302 295.44232 52.09446 165.62500 303 2.77774 77.572 206.25000 304 263.11392 95.76565 206.25000 305 251.14069 67.29295 206.25000 306 2.77774 77.572 300.00000 307 263.11392 95.76565 300.00000 308 251.14069 67.29295 300.00000 309 256.04999 45.14853 253.12500 310 295.44232 52.09446 253.12500 311 244.32007 88.92522 253.12500 312 275.74615 48.62150 125.00000 313 263.11392 95.76565 125.00000 314 295.44232 52.09446 90.62500 315 281.90778 102.60606 90.62500 316 275.74615 48.62150 0.00000 317 2.77774 77.572 0.00000 318 263.11392 95.76565 0.00000 319 251.14069 67.29295 0.00000 320 2.77774 77.572 56.25000 321 251.14069 67.29295 56.25000

322 295.44232 52.09446 28.12500 323 244.32007 88.92522 28.12500 324 280.00000 0.00000 206.25000 325 259.01062 22.66049 206.25000 326 280.00000 0.00000 300.00000 327 298.85843 26.14673 300.00000 328 275.74615 48.62150 300.00000 329 259.01062 22.66049 300.00000 330 260.00000 0.00000 253.12500 331 300.00000 0.00000 253.12500 332 280.00000 0.00000 56.25000 333 298.85843 26.14673 125.00000 334 259.01062 22.66049 125.00000 335 260.00000 0.00000 90.62500 336 300.00000 0.00000 90.62500 337 256.04999 45.14853 90.62500 338 280.00000 0.00000 125.00000 339 298.85843 26.14673 206.25000 340 275.74615 48.62150 206.25000 341 260.00000 0.00000 165.62500 342 300.00000 0.00000 165.62500 343 271.233 126.78550 0.00000 344 242.48711 140.00000 0.00000 345 235.003 109.88074 0.00000 346 271.233 126.78550 56.25000 347 235.003 109.88074 56.25000 348 281.90778 102.60606 28.12500 349 259.80762 150.00000 28.12500 350 263.11392 95.76565 56.25000 351 242.48711 140.00000 56.25000 352 271.233 126.78550 125.00000 353 244.32007 88.92522 90.62500 354 225.16660 130.00000 90.62500 355 245.74562 172.07295 300.00000 356 212.97951 149.12990 300.00000 357 225.16660 130.00000 253.12500 358 259.80762 150.00000 253.12500 359 229.81331 192.83629 253.12500 360 214.49246 179.98053 0.00000 361 212.13205 212.13210 0.00000 362 179.98053 214.49251 0.00000 363 183.84775 183.84778 0.00000 3 179.98053 214.49251 56.25000 365 183.84775 183.84778 56.25000

366 229.81331 192.83629 28.12500 367 192.83629 229.81342 28.12500 368 167.12473 199.17160 28.12500 369 245.74562 172.07295 125.00000 370 212.97951 149.12990 125.00000 371 245.74562 172.07295 206.25000 372 214.49246 179.98053 206.25000 373 212.97951 149.12990 206.25000 374 225.16660 130.00000 165.62500 375 259.80762 150.00000 165.62500 376 229.81331 192.83629 165.62500 377 245.74562 172.07295 56.25000 378 212.97951 149.12990 56.25000 379 242.48711 140.00000 125.00000 380 259.80762 150.00000 90.62500 381 245.74562 172.07295 0.00000 382 212.97951 149.12990 0.00000 383 225.16660 130.00000 28.12500 384 199.17155 167.12479 28.12500 385 235.003 109.88074 125.00000 386 242.48711 140.00000 206.25000 387 235.003 109.88074 206.25000 388 244.32007 88.92522 165.62500 3 281.90778 102.60606 165.62500 390 271.233 126.78550 206.25000 391 271.233 126.78550 300.00000 392 242.48711 140.00000 300.00000 393 235.003 109.88074 300.00000 394 281.90778 102.60606 253.12500 395 48.62147 275.74619 206.25000 396 22.66045 259.01062 206.25000 397 48.62147 275.74619 300.00000 398 26.14667 298.85843 300.00000 399-0.50000-4 280.00000 300.00000 400 22.66045 259.01062 300.00000 401 45.14851 256.05002 253.12500 402-0.50000-4 300.00000 253.12500 403-0.50000-4 280.00000 0.00000 404 -26.14680 298.85840 0.00000 405 -22.66056 259.01062 0.00000 406 -22.66056 259.01062 56.25000 407-271.240 126.78535 0.00000 408-235.001 109.88076 0.00000 409-242.48714 139.99994 56.25000

410-263.11392 95.76559 56.25000 411-281.90781 102.60600 28.12500 412-244.32010 88.92520 28.12500 413-271.240 126.78535 56.25000 414-235.001 109.88076 56.25000 415-271.240 126.78535 125.00000 416-235.001 109.88076 125.00000 417-259.80765 149.99994 90.62500 418-281.90781 102.60600 90.62500 419-245.74573 172.07286 300.00000 420-212.97957 149.12978 300.00000 421-199.17166 167.12465 253.12500 422-229.81357 192.83621 253.12500 423-259.80765 149.99994 253.12500 424-212.97957 149.12978 125.00000 425-214.49261 179.98042 206.25000 426-245.74573 172.07286 206.25000 427-212.97957 149.12978 206.25000 428-259.80765 149.99994 165.62500 429-214.49261 179.98042 125.00000 430-245.74573 172.07286 125.00000 431-199.17166 167.12465 90.62500 432-225.166 129.99995 90.62500 433-179.98068 214.49231 206.25000 434-212.13220 212.13197 206.25000 435-179.98068 214.49231 300.00000 436-212.13220 212.13197 300.00000 437-214.49261 179.98042 300.00000 438-183.84784 183.84766 300.00000 439-167.12491 199.17142 253.12500 440-192.836 229.81319 253.12500 441-214.49261 179.98042 0.00000 442-245.74573 172.07286 0.00000 443-242.48714 139.99994 0.00000 444-212.97957 149.12978 0.00000 445-245.74573 172.07286 56.25000 446-212.97957 149.12978 56.25000 447-229.81357 192.83621 28.12500 448-259.80765 149.99994 28.12500 449-225.166 129.99995 28.12500 450-242.48714 139.99994 125.00000 451-242.48714 139.99994 206.25000 452-271.240 126.78535 206.25000 453-235.001 109.88076 206.25000

454-225.166 129.99995 165.62500 455-244.32010 88.92520 165.62500 456-242.48714 139.99994 300.00000 457-271.240 126.78535 300.00000 458-263.11392 95.76559 300.00000 459-235.001 109.88076 300.00000 460-225.166 129.99995 253.12500 461-244.32010 88.92520 253.12500 462-275.74615 48.62152 56.25000 463-259.01062 22.66047 56.25000 4-259.01062 22.66047 125.00000 465-256.04999 45.14856 90.62500 466-295.44232 52.09449 90.62500 467-300.00000-0.30000-4 90.62500 468-260.00000-0.20000-4 90.62500 469-298.85843 26.14669 125.00000 470-280.00000-0.20000-4 125.00000 471-298.85843 26.14669 206.25000 472-280.00000-0.20000-4 206.25000 473-259.01062 22.66047 206.25000 474-295.44232 52.09449 165.62500 475-300.00000-0.30000-4 165.62500 476-260.00000-0.20000-4 165.62500 477-275.74615 48.62152 0.00000 478-298.85843 26.14669 0.00000 479-280.00000-0.20000-4 0.00000 480-259.01062 22.66047 0.00000 481-298.85843 26.14669 56.25000 482-280.00000-0.20000-4 56.25000 483-300.00000-0.30000-4 28.12500 484-260.00000-0.20000-4 28.12500 485-2.77777 77.568 300.00000 486-275.74615 48.62152 300.00000 487-251.14073 67.29292 300.00000 488-281.90781 102.60600 253.12500 4-256.04999 45.14856 253.12500 490-2.77777 77.568 125.00000 491-275.74615 48.62152 125.00000 492-251.14073 67.29292 125.00000 493-263.11392 95.76559 206.25000 494-2.77777 77.568 206.25000 495-251.14073 67.29292 206.25000 496-281.90781 102.60600 165.62500 497-256.04999 45.14856 165.62500

498-263.11392 95.76559 0.00000 499-2.77777 77.568 0.00000 500-251.14073 67.29292 0.00000 501-2.77777 77.568 56.25000 502-251.14073 67.29292 56.25000 503-295.44232 52.09449 28.12500 504-256.04999 45.14856 28.12500 505-263.11392 95.76559 125.00000 506-244.32010 88.92520 90.62500 507-179.98068 214.49231 125.00000 508-212.13220 212.13197 125.00000 509-183.84784 183.84766 206.25000 510-192.836 229.81319 165.62500 511-229.81357 192.83621 165.62500 512-199.17166 167.12465 165.62500 513-212.13220 212.13197 56.25000 514-214.49261 179.98042 56.25000 515-183.84784 183.84766 125.00000 516-167.12491 199.17142 90.62500 517-192.836 229.81319 90.62500 518-229.81357 192.83621 90.62500 519 -77.574 2.77774 125.00000 520 -95.76566 263.11398 125.00000 521 -77.574 2.77774 206.25000 522 -67.29300 251.14075 206.25000 523 -45.14862 256.04999 165.62500 524 -52.09457 295.44229 165.62500 525-102.60604 281.90778 165.62500 526 -88.92525 244.32013 165.62500 527 -77.574 2.77774 300.00000 528 -67.29300 251.14075 300.00000 529 -48.62159 275.74615 56.25000 530 -67.29300 251.14075 125.00000 531 -45.14862 256.04999 90.62500 532 -52.09457 295.44229 90.62500 533-102.60604 281.90778 90.62500 534 -88.92525 244.32013 90.62500 535 -48.62159 275.74615 0.00000 536 -77.574 2.77774 0.00000 537 -95.76566 263.11398 0.00000 538 -67.29300 251.14075 0.00000 539 -77.574 2.77774 56.25000 540 -67.29300 251.14075 56.25000 541 -45.14862 256.04999 28.12500

542 -52.09457 295.44229 28.12500 543 -88.92525 244.32013 28.12500 544-0.50000-4 280.00000 206.25000 545 -26.14680 298.85840 206.25000 546 -26.14680 298.85840 300.00000 547 -48.62159 275.74615 300.00000 548 -22.66056 259.01062 300.00000 549-0.40000-4 260.00000 253.12500 550 -52.09457 295.44229 253.12500 551 -45.14862 256.04999 253.12500 552 -26.14680 298.85840 56.25000 553 -26.14680 298.85840 125.00000 554-0.40000-4 260.00000 90.62500 555-0.50000-4 300.00000 90.62500 556 -48.62159 275.74615 125.00000 557 -22.66056 259.01062 125.00000 558 -48.62159 275.74615 206.25000 559 -22.66056 259.01062 206.25000 560-0.50000-4 300.00000 165.62500 561-126.78556 271.230 0.00000 562-140.00014 242.48703 0.00000 563-109.88083 235.000 0.00000 5-140.00017 242.48701 56.25000 565-102.60604 281.90778 28.12500 566-150.00014 259.80756 28.12500 567-130.00012 225.16653 28.12500 568 -95.76566 263.11398 56.25000 569-126.78563 271.227 56.25000 570-109.88091 235.001 56.25000 571-150.00014 259.80756 90.62500 572-149.12996 212.97946 206.25000 573-140.00014 242.48703 300.00000 574-172.07306 245.74553 300.00000 575-149.12996 212.97946 300.00000 576-150.00014 259.80756 253.12500 577-179.98068 214.49231 0.00000 578-212.13220 212.13197 0.00000 579-183.84784 183.84766 0.00000 580-183.84784 183.84766 56.25000 581-167.12491 199.17142 28.12500 582-192.836 229.81319 28.12500 583-199.17166 167.12465 28.12500 584-140.00014 242.48703 125.00000 585-172.07306 245.74553 125.00000

586-149.12996 212.97946 125.00000 587-172.07306 245.74553 206.25000 588-167.12491 199.17142 165.62500 5-179.98068 214.49231 56.25000 590-149.13004 212.97942 56.25000 591-130.00012 225.16653 90.62500 592-172.07306 245.74553 0.00000 593-149.12996 212.97946 0.00000 594-172.07312 245.74550 56.25000 595-126.78556 271.230 125.00000 596-109.88083 235.000 125.00000 597-150.00014 259.80756 165.62500 598-130.00005 225.16655 165.62500 599 -95.76566 263.11398 206.25000 600-126.78556 271.230 206.25000 601-140.00014 242.48703 206.25000 602-109.88083 235.000 206.25000 603 -95.76566 263.11398 300.00000 604-126.78556 271.230 300.00000 605-109.88083 235.000 300.00000 606 -88.92525 244.32013 253.12500 607-102.60604 281.90778 253.12500 608-130.00005 225.16655 253.12500 609 280.00000 0.00000 0.00000 610 298.85843 26.14673 0.00000 611 259.01062 22.66049 0.00000 612 298.85843 26.14673 56.25000 613 275.74615 48.62150 56.25000 614 259.01062 22.66049 56.25000 615 260.00000 0.00000 28.12500 616 300.00000 0.00000 28.12500 617 256.04999 45.14853 28.12500 *ELSET , ELSET = LOAD

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69

*NSET , NSET = XSUP 10

*NSET , NSET = YCRA

1 2 3 4 332 609 615 616 *NSET , NSET = YNOT

5 6 8 9 10 11 324 326 330 331 335 336 338 341 342 175

176 178 179 181 182 185 186 1 190 193 196 197 467 468 470 472

475 476 479 482 483 484 *NSET , NSET = ZCRA

1 2 13 14 26 27 35 36 37 46 47 53 54 67 236 237

238 316 317 318 319 343 344 345 360 361 362 363 381 382 609 610 611

*NSET , NSET = ZNOT

74 75 76 85 97 98 99 105 106 107 116 128 129 135 136 146

158 159 165 166 173 174 175 176 198 199 200 260 261 262 279 280

403 404 405 407 408 441 442 443 444 477 478 479 480 498 499 500

535 536 537 538 561 562 563 577 578 579 592 593 *MATERIAL , NAME = ZCRMAT *ELASTIC 2.0E5,0.3

*SOLID SECTION, ELSET=EALL, MATERIAL=ZCRMAT *STEP *STATIC *DLOAD

LOAD , P2 , -100.00000 *BOUNDARY

XSUP, 1, 1, 0.0 YNOT, 2, 2, 0.0 ZNOT, 3, 3, 0.0 1 , 3, 3, 0.0 2 , 3, 3, 0.0 13 , 3, 3, 0.0 14 , 3, 3, 0.0 26 , 3, 3, 0.0 27 , 3, 3, 0.0 35 , 3, 3, 0.0 36 , 3, 3, 0.0 37 , 3, 3, 0.0 46 , 3, 3, 0.0 47 , 3, 3, 0.0 53 , 3, 3, 0.0 54 , 3, 3, 0.0 67 , 3, 3, 0.0 236 , 3, 3, 0.0

237 , 3, 3, 0.0 238 , 3, 3, 0.0 316 , 3, 3, 0.0 317 , 3, 3, 0.0 318 , 3, 3, 0.0 319 , 3, 3, 0.0 343 , 3, 3, 0.0 344 , 3, 3, 0.0 345 , 3, 3, 0.0 360 , 3, 3, 0.0 361 , 3, 3, 0.0 362 , 3, 3, 0.0 363 , 3, 3, 0.0 381 , 3, 3, 0.0 382 , 3, 3, 0.0 609 , 3, 3, 0.0 610 , 3, 3, 0.0 611 , 3, 3, 0.0 1 , 2, 2, 0.0 2 , 2, 2, 0.0 3 , 2, 2, 0.0 4 , 2, 2, 0.0 332 , 2, 2, 0.0 609 , 2, 2, 0.0 615 , 2, 2, 0.0 616 , 2, 2, 0.0 *END STEP

LISTING 2

File: a2a.zcr

Description: ZENCRACK input file for the analysis #

# ZENCRACK Q.A. Example #2

# Meshing of a long crack on a tube #

# Purpose : Meshing example #

# Uncracked mesh: a2a.inp # Job id: a2ar

0 1 0 3 0 0 0 6 1 2

sq103x4.sup 52 47 53 st88x5.sup 72 1 2

st88x5.sup 68 13 14 st88x5.sup 26 27 st88x5.sup 60 35 36 st88x5.sup 56 46 37 0.20 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.20

LISTING 3

File: a2ar.rep

Description: ZENCRACK report file for the analysis

****************************************************************************

* *

* ZENCRACK is proprietary software of: *

* *

* ZENTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD., *

* 103 Mytchett Road, *

* Mytchett, *

* Camberley, *

* Surrey, *

* GU16 6ES, *

* GREAT BRITAIN *

* Tel. (+44) 1252 376388 *

* Fax. (+44) 1252 3763 *

* E-mail info@zentech.co.uk *

* Web http://www.zentech.co.uk *

* *

****************************************************************************

* *

* The following system has been licensed: *

* *

* Program : ZENCRACK *

* Version : 6.0 *

* Release date : 09-NOV-1998 *

* License type : Commercial *

* Interface to : MARC & ABAQUS *

* *

* This system is licensed to: *

* *

* Company : Zentech International Limited *

* Address : 103 Mytchett Road *

* Camberley *

* Surrey GU16 6ES *

* U.K. *

* Phone : +44 1252 376388 *

* Fax : +44 1252 3763 *

* Computer : PC *

* *

****************************************************************************

* *

* .zcr input file for analysis : *

* E:\\zencrack\\qa02\\a2a *

* *

* Date of analysis (D-M-Y) : 21-11-1998 *

* Start time (H-M-S) : 19:26:31 *

* *

****************************************************************************

INPUT RECORD 1 ***************

UNCRACKED MESH : a2a.inp

JOBNAME IS : E:\\zencrack\\qa02\\a2ar

INPUT RECORD 2 ***************

NUMBER OF DEBUG MODULES = 0 WARNING FLAG = 1 DISTORTION FLAG = 0 F.E. CODE FLAG = 3 RUN TYPE = 0 READ RESTART = 0 WRITE RESTART = 0

PROGRAM WILL NOT STOP IF A WARNING IS ISSUED

ELEMENT DISTORTION PARAMETERS WILL NOT BE CALCULATED

F.E. ANALYSIS USING ABAQUS 5.4 OR LATER

NO DATA WILL BE READ FROM A RESTART FILE

NO DATA WILL BE WRITTEN TO RESTART FILES

RUN TYPE 0 INDICATES THAT INPUT OF CRACK-BLOCK(S) IS REQUIRED WITH NO SUBSEQUENT FE ANALYSES

INPUT RECORD 3 ***************

NUMBER OF CRACK-BLOCKS TO BE INCLUDED = 6

FLAG FOR INTERMEDIATE STEP DURING MAPPING OF CRACK-BLOCKS INTO THE MESH ICONFO = 1 FLAGS ONE STAGE MAPPING OF CRACK-BLOCKS INTO THE MESH

FLAG FOR COLLAPSED ELEMENT MODIFICATION AFTER MAPPING

IFIXER = 2 FLAGS LOCAL MODIFICATION OF CRACK FRONT ELEMENTS AFTER MAPPING

\"QUARTER POINT NODE\" PARAMETER. VALID RANGE IS 0.25 TO 0.5, WITH 0.25 FOR QUARTER-POINT NODES AND 0.5 FOR MIDSIDE NODES. VALUE READ FOR QPR IS 0.0000 0.25 WILL BE USED.

VALUE USED FOR QUARTER POINT PARAMETER IS 0.2500

FLAG FOR GENERATING EXTRA CRACK FRONT ELEMENT SETS

ICFSET HAS NOT BEEN SET TO 1 - NO EXTRA ELEMENT SETS WILL BE GENERATED

FLAG FOR GENERATING EXTRA CRACK RELATED NODE SETS INDSET HAS NOT BEEN SET TO 1,2 OR 12 - NO EXTRA NODE SETS WILL BE GENERATED

NUMBER OF SETS OF ELEMENTS TO BE SPLIT FOR CRACK FACES OF DEEP CRACKS = 0

ISPLIT SET TO ZERO - NO SETS OF ELEMENTS WILL BE SPLIT

BIAS FACTOR NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

USING DEFAULT VALUE FOR CONMIDF : 0.90000

***WARNING

VALUE OF QUARTER POINT NODE PARAMETER HAS BEEN RESET TO 0.26 TO AVOID POSSIBLE NUMERICAL PROBLEMS (INSIDE OUT ELEMENTS) WHEN EXACTLY 0.25 IS USED.

MINIMUM VALUE ALLOWED WITHOUT RESETTING IS 0.252. USE -0.25 TO FORCE A VALUE OF EXACTLY 0.25.

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 1

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\sq103x4.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT 52

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 47 53

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 2

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\st88x5.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT 72

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 1 2

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 3

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\st88x5.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT 68

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 13 14

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 4

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\st88x5.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 26 27

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 5

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\st88x5.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT 60

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 35 36

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 6

READ FROM FILE p:\\009-zencrack\emptest\\install\\crack\\st88x5.sup THIS CRACK-BLOCK REPLACES ORIGINAL ELEMENT 56

CRACK PLANE IN MESH DEFINED BY CORNER NODES 46 37

INPUT RECORD 4 ***************

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 1

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .20000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .35000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 2

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .30000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .28000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 3

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .28000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .26000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 4

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .26000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .24000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 5

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .24000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .22000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

CRACK-BLOCK NUMBER 6

RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 1 LENGTH IS .22000E+00 RATIO OF CRACK LENGTH TO CRACK-BLOCK EDGE 2 LENGTH IS .20000E+00 RING SIZE NOT RELEVANT - ICONFO NOT SET TO 3

FINAL INPUT RECORD ******************

ELEMENT DISTORTION PARAMETERS WILL NOT BE CALCULATED (IDIST=0 ON CARD 2)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

END OF READ FROM .ZCR FILE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

***INFORMATION : WARNINGS WHILE READING .ZCR INPUT DATA 1 warning message generated while reading .ZCR data

***INFORMATION : CRACK FRONT DEFINITION

Crack front 1 Side 1 Side 2 C.B. Element C.B. Element 1 52 - ----- 2 72 - ----- 3 68 - ----- 4 - ----- 5 60 - ----- 6 56 - -----

***INFORMATION : BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Crack-block 1 has fixed displacements of equal magnitude in direction 3

on all four corner nodes of face 5 (a highly populated face).