Chinese culture(中国文化)

中国文化

论文题目： 中国的象征主义文化 课程名称： 中国文化 专 业： 班 级： 学 号：

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Chinese Symbolism culture

Symbolic meaning have played a significant role in the lives of the Chinese .The nature of their written and spoken language has contributed to the rich vocabulary of symbolism.The large numbers of homophones in the Chinese language means that words with different meanings become associated with each other due to a similarity of sound when spoken.As well as linguistic symbolism,there are symbols which originated from ancient cosmological and mythical beliefs .Symbolic meanings from an intrinsic part of culture and readily understood by Chinese people .

中国的象征主义文化 象征意义在中国人的生活中扮演了重要角色，无论是口头的还是书面的语言都对丰富了词汇的象征意义。部分象征意义是由于同音同形异义引起的，还有的是起源于古代宇宙学和神秘的信仰。象征意义作为中国文化本质的一部分，已深深地扎根于中年国人心目中。

Animals:

Chinese Dragon中国龙

Chinese dragon is a mythical creature in ancient Chinese mythology and folklore.．It is comprised of nine different kinds of animals but resembles none and what these nine kinds of animal are is not sure ．Nowadays ,，it is accepted that dragon is a totem formed in primitive society of China .It is said that it can change its shape and do almost everything ．In Feudal times ，dragon is the symbol of the emperor ，it also refers to the things which belongs to the emperor ,such as long zhong which means the son of the king and long yan which means the mood of the king and so on . Dragon is ranked the five in the Chinese zodiac signs and called four god beasts together with white tiger ，jujak and genbu .

中国古代的神话与传说中，龙是一种神异动物，具有九种动物合而为一之九不像之形象。具体是哪九种动物有争议。目前公认龙是原始社会形成的一种图腾崇拜的标志。传说多为其能显能隐，能细能巨，能短能长。春分登天，秋分潜渊，呼风唤雨，无所不能。 封建时代龙是帝王的象征，也用来指帝王和帝王的东西：龙种、龙颜、龙廷、龙袍、龙宫等。龙在中国传统的十二生肖中排第五，其与白虎、朱雀、玄武一起并称“四神兽”。

Some scholars believe that the Chinese dragon form originated from totems of different tribes in China, as a merger of totems of various tribes consequential to tribal mergers. Legendary figures like Nüwa (女媧) and Fuxi (伏羲) are depicted as having snake bodies. Some scholars have noted that a myth arose that the first legendary Emperor of China, Huangdi (黃帝, Yellow Emperor) used a snake for his coat of arms. According to the myth, every time he conquered another tribe, he incorporated his defeated enemy's emblem into his own, thus explains why the dragon appears to have features of various animals.

有学者认为龙的形象是不同部族的图腾演化而来的，其具有了不同图腾所具有的一些特征。像在神话传说中，女娲，伏羲都是人头蛇身的形像。 中国第一个皇帝——黄帝有蛇一样的手臂，因此有学者认为每次他收复一个部落都会把那个不落地图腾作为自己的标志，这就很好的解释的为什么龙会有不动动物的特征。

After a long period of study and research ，people have drawn an agreement on its origin that is it’s a combination of different kinds of animal and it was thought to be a totem in primitive society .in early age , people couldn’t explain the natural phenomena and they though

the totem of their nation must be powerful as winds , rains and thunders ,has a majestic appearance like mountains , and it can cruise under the water like fish and fly like birds .gradually , dragon became what it is today , It’s the symbol of the most powerful god .

在经历了长期的研究和考证后，人们终于取得了一个较为一致的共识：龙是多种动物的综合体，是原始社会形成的一种图腾崇拜的标志。在早期，古人对大多自然现象无法做出合理解释，于是便希望自己民族的图腾具备风雨雷电那样的力量，群山那样的雄姿，像鱼一样能在水中游弋，像鸟一样可以在天空飞翔。因此许多动物的特点都集中在龙身上，龙渐渐成了\"九不像\"(具有九种动物的特征)的样子，这种复合结构，意味着龙是万兽之首，万能之神。

Chinese Phoenix 中国凤凰

Images of an ancient bird have appeared in China for over 8000 years, as earliest as the Hongshan neolithic period, on jade and pottery motifs, then appearing decorating bronze as well as jade figurines. Some experts believe they may have been a good-luck totem among eastern tribes of ancient China.

古代鸟的形象出现在中国已经有八千多年了，最早可追溯到红山新石器时代的玉器和陶器图案上，然后出现在青铜器装饰及玉石雕像上。一些专家认为这在古代中国的东部部落中可能是一种象征好运的图腾标志。

During the Han Dynasty (2,200 years ago) two phoenixes, one a male (feng, 鳳) and the other a female (huang, 凰) were often shown together facing one other. Later, during the Yuan Dynasty the two terms were merged to become the generally translated \"phoenix\of Birds\" came to symbolize the empress when paired with a dragon as a dragon represented the emperor. From the period of the Jiajing Emperor (1522–66) on, a pair of phoenixes was differentiated by the tail feathers of the two birds, typically together forming a closed circle pattern—the male identified by five serrated tail feathers (five being an odd, or yang number) and the female by what appears to be one, but is in fact, two (two being an even, or yin number) curling or tendrilled tail feathers. It was also in the Ming Dynasty that phoenixes first began to appear with combs, hence comb-less phoenixes are pre-Ming, and phoenixes depicted with combs, Ming or post-Ming.

在汉朝时期（2200年前），两只凤凰，一只雄性，叫作凤，另一只是雌性，叫作凰经常面对面出现在一起。之后，在元朝两者渐渐被合称为凤凰。但“百年之王”用来象征皇后，应当配象征皇帝的龙。从嘉靖皇帝的时期（1422-66）起，一对凤凰是尾部羽毛有区别的鸟，通常在一起形成一个封闭的循环图案，雄性的尾巴羽毛五个齿（五位奇数，或称阳数)，雌性似乎只有一个齿，但事实上是两个(二是偶数，或称阴数）。

The fenghuang has very positive connotations. It is a symbol of high virtue and grace. The fenghuang also symbolizes the union of yin and yang. Shan Hai Jing's 1st chapter “Nanshang Jing” records each part of fenghuang's body symbolizes a word, the head represents virtue (德), the wing represents duty (義), the back represents propriety (禮), the abdomen says credibility (信) and the chest represents mercy (仁).

凤凰有着非常积极的涵义。它是崇高的美德与优雅的象征，而且象征了阴阳结合。《山海经》的最后一章“南山经”记录了凤凰身体每个部位代表一个词，头代表了德，翅膀代表了义，背代表了礼，腹部代表信，胸代表仁。

In ancient and modern Chinese culture, they can often be found in the decorations for

weddings or royalty, along with dragons. This is because the Chinese considered the dragon and phoenix symbolic of blissful relations between husband and wife, another common yin and yang metaphor.

在传统和现代文化中，他们经常和龙一起见于婚礼及皇室的装饰上。这是因为中国人认为龙凤象征着夫妻之间美好幸福的关系及寓意着阴阳平衡。

Chinese lion 中国狮子

The lions are traditionally carved from decorative stone, such as marble and granite or cast in bronze or iron. Because of the high cost of these materials and the labor required to produce them, private use of guardian lions was traditionally reserved for wealthy or elite families. Indeed, a traditional symbol of a family's wealth or social status was the placement of guardian lions in front of the family home. However, in modern times less expensive lions, mass-produced in concrete and resin, have become available and their use is therefore no longer restricted to the elite.

狮子通常雕刻在装饰性的石材上，像大理石，花岗岩，铜或铁上。因为这些材料成本高，所需劳力多，私人能够用得起这些守护狮子的也只局限于少数的名门王望族。事实上，中国古代传统中，一个家族财富和地位的象征就是摆放在他们门前的狮子。到了现代，由于混凝土，树脂等的大规模生产，这些狮子的价格越来越便宜，因而也不再局限于少数富人了。

The lions are always presented in pairs, a manifestation of yin and yang, the female representing yin and the male yang. The male lion has its right front paw on an embroidered ball called a \"xiù qiú\" (绣球), which is sometimes carved with a geometric pattern resembling the figure called \"Flower of Life\" in the New Age movement. The female is essentially identical, but has a cub under the closer (left) paw to the male, representing the cycle of life. Symbolically, the female lion protects those dwelling inside, while the male guards the structure. Sometimes the female has her mouth closed, and the male open. This symbolizes the enunciation of the sacred word \"om\". However, Japanese adaptions state that the male is inhaling, representing life, while the female exhales, representing death. Other styles have both lions with a single large pearl in each of their partially opened mouths. The pearl is carved so that it can roll about in the lion's mouth but sized just large enough so that it can never be removed.

狮子总是成对出现，作为一种阴阳的表现，雌性代表阴，雄性代表阳。雄性狮子的右爪常搭在绣球上。相求有时候会被雕饰上一种类似于“新纪元运动”时期的“生命之花”图案。雌性狮子也基本类似，但通常有个幼崽在其左爪旁边，寓意着生命的轮回。象征性地，雌性狮子护内，雄性狮子守外。有时雌性狮子嘴巴是闭合的，而雄性狮子的嘴巴通常张开的。然而，在日本文化中，雄性狮子代表吸入，是生活，而雌性狮子代表吐出，是死亡。其他样式的狮子都会半开着的嘴里衔着一颗大珍珠。这颗珠子虽可在狮子口中滚动，但却无法被取出来。

According to feng shui, correct placement of the lions is important to ensure their beneficial effect. When looking out of a building through the entrance to be guarded, looking in the same direction as the lions, the male is placed on the left and the female on the right. So when looking at the entrance from outside the building, facing the lions, the male lion with the ball is on the right, and the female with the cub is on the left.

根据风水学，选择正确的位置放这些石狮子对于保证他们的有益效果非常重要。 自古以来，石狮子都被视为是风水上的瑞兽，不仅可以化解很多房屋格局造成的形煞，还可以增强建筑物的阳气。狮子生性凶猛，所以才会有镇邪护宅的作用。在写字楼门口或是店铺门口

摆放石狮子，不仅是一种建筑装饰，更有助于提高财运。但应注意，要将狮头向外摆放，否则狮头冲着门内就会变成一种凶相。而且在门口摆放、石狮子，必须是一雄一雌成对摆放。不同性别的狮子，其摆放位置也是有讲究的。一般说来，雄狮会是爪子抓着绣球的造型，可以保平安、护事业，要摆放在大门的左侧。雌狮的左前爪下或是两只爪子之间会有一头小狮子，有招财运、汇吉气的作用，需要摆放在大门的右侧。区分左右方位以在大门口面向门外站立为判断标准，切忌左右颠倒。

Chinese lions are intended to reflect the emotion of the animal as opposed to the reality of the lion. This is in distinct opposition to the traditional English lion which is a lifelike depiction of the animal. The claws, teeth and eyes of the Chinese lion represent power. Few if any muscles are visible in the Chinese lion whereas the English lion shows its power through its life like characteristics rather than through stylized representation.

中国狮子旨在反映动物的情感而不是狮子的真实性。这与传统西方文化力求栩栩如生的描绘动物截然相反。中国狮子的爪子,牙齿和眼睛代表着力量。几乎没有肌肉的狮子在中国是可见的，而狮子而英西方文化显示它的力量通过其生活特性而不是通过程式化的表示。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.

舞狮是中国流行最为广泛的一种民间舞蹈。狮子是百兽之王。在中国传统中，狮子被视为一种吉祥物，可以带来好运。舞狮有史料记载已经有2000多年了。在唐朝（618-907)，舞狮已被引入皇室家族。

The lion is enacted by two dancers. One handles the head, made out of strong but light materials like paper-mache and bamboo, the other plays the body and the tail under a cloth that is attached to the head. The 'animal' is accompanied by three musicians, playing a large drum, cymbals and a gong. A Little Buddha teases it with a fan or a giant ball. The head dancer can move the lion's eyes, mouth and ears for expression of moods.

狮子由两人扮演，一人舞用硬度大但很轻的材料做成的狮子头，其他的在一块布下扮演与之相连的身体和尾巴，通常还伴有三个音乐师，分别敲大鼓、镲、锣。狮子舞通常由两人扮演，前者双手握狮头道具戴于头上，扮演狮头，后者俯身，双手扶前者腰部，身披用麻、布等材料装饰成的狮皮，扮演狮身。两人合成一只大狮，称“太狮”。也有一人头戴狮头面具，身披假狮皮，扮演小狮子，称“少狮”。前有狮子郎，手持一个能转动的五光十色的绣球进行逗引，舞球的动作有摇球、转球、抛球、抖球等数十种，狮子随之做出各种舞蹈动作。而有些地方狮子郎戴上大头面具，扮成大头和尚、手里也不持绣球，而代之以拂尘、大蒲扇，甚至大刀之类。

Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans and livestock. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness.

古代人将狮子视作勇敢和力量的象征，能够驱除，保护人类和牲畜。因此，在元宵节或其他节日庆典表演狮子舞已成为人们祈求好运，安定，幸福的习俗。

The lion dance is an important tradition in China. Usually the dance is part of festivities like Chinese New Year, the openings of restaurants and weddings. If well-performed, the lion dance is

believed to bring luck and happiness.狮子舞是中国的一个重要传统，是春节，及店铺开张，婚礼场合上重要的活动。表演的好即可带来好运和幸福。

Although lions are not native in China, they came to this country via the famous Silk Road. Rulers in what is today Iran and Afghanistan sent lions to Chinese emperors as gifts in order to get the right to trade with Silk Road merchants. The lion dance dates back to the Han Dynasty (205 B.C. to 220 A.D in China) and during the Tang Dynasty (716-907 A.D.) it was at its peak. It was particularly performed during religious festivals. The lion dance was not only introduced in China, but also in Korea , where lions are not native as well. The dances are not exactly the same in these countries, but the symbolism is quite similar.

狮子不属于中国本土，而是通过丝绸之路来到中国。在一些地方也就是今日的伊朗、阿富汗等地的统治者赠送中国皇帝狮子以获得与丝绸之路商人的贸易权。狮子舞可追溯到汉朝（205 B.C. to 220 A.D ），在汉朝(716-907 A.D.) 时达到顶峰。狮子舞不仅被引入中国，而且进入了朝鲜。

Kylin 麒麟

Kylin, also known as\" Qi Lin\ the kernel beast, beast in the ancient legends . Kylin and Phoenix, turtle, dragon together are called the\" four\

麒麟，亦作\"骐麟\"，简称\"麟\"，俗称\"四不像\"，古代传说中的仁兽、瑞兽,是中国古代传说中的一种动物，与凤、龟、龙共称为\"四灵\"，并居四灵之首位。 被称为圣兽王。且是神的坐骑。

Kylin was created according to the Chinese way of thinking . Looked from its external shape, moose, oxtail, horseshoe ( historical records call it \" wolf hoof\" ), fish skin, a corner, corner with meat, yellow. Such modeling is the new combined body of many real animal mutilations . The merits of those animals that people cherish has been all focused on kylin this illusion in the animal form, it fully embodies the Chinese idea \"Jimei\".

麒麟，是按中国人的思维方式复合构思所产生、创造的动物。从其外部形状上看，麋身，牛尾，马蹄（史籍中有说为\"狼蹄\")，鱼鳞皮，一角，角端有肉，黄色。这种造型是将许多实有动物肢解后的新合拼体，它把那些备受人们珍爱的动物所具备的优点全部集中在麒麟这一幻想中的神兽的建构上，充分体现了中国人的\"集美\"思想。

Kylin is a auspicious beast. Lord of Taiping, longevity. The deer itself is a beast,which is powerful, fast, beneficial to people. the White Hart in the ancient legends is divine. Folk has an old saying of Kylin songzi. Kylin has deer, cattle, sheep, horse fusion characteristics. Its influence is not as widely as dragons and phoenixes, but its fame is not too small. The study on kylin is also not more popular than the study on dragon culture .Who is the author ,and what about its source, is not very clear.Some scholars speculate that its author may be the Zhou

ancestors, because Zhou live in the northwest.The northwest at that time , lush aquatic plants, suitable for the growth of deer.

麒麟是吉祥神兽，主太平、长寿。鹿本身便是兽中驯良者，有力、善跑，大有益于人。传说中的白鹿尤有神性。民间有麒麟送子之说。麒麟是以鹿类为主，融合了牛、羊、马的特点。它的综合面不及龙、凤那么广泛，不过名气也不算小。对麒麟的研究亦不如对龙凤文化的研究那么火爆，它的始作者究竟是谁，其源流怎样，还不是很清楚，有学者推测可能是周民族的祖先，因为周人原居西北，那时的西北，水草丰美，适宜鹿类的生长。

To the slave society and the feudal society, the dragon, Phoenix were used by the supreme ruler , lost their original totem integrated meaning, and become the symbol of supreme ruler emperors, empresses . Goodness kylin was pushed into folk in the competition of power.People expect it to bring the harvest, fortune, longevity and better.

到了奴隶社会与封建社会，龙、凤被最高统治者所攫取，便失去了原来的图腾综合的意义，而成为最高统治者帝王、后妃的象征。性善的麒麟，在权利角逐中，被挤到了民间，老百姓期望它带来丰年、福禄、长寿与美好。

Chinese Turtle 乌龟

Turtle and dinosaurs are prehistoric animal .Dinosaurs only leave fossils, however ,the turtle stubbornly survive until now.So,turtle becomes a symbol of longevity . Turtle has a similar pronunciation with \"gui\" , which means wealth in chinese, so turtle also has the implication of rich. Therefore, the turtle as a totem of ancient ,from which we can see the worship to turtles .

龟和恐龙同属史前动物，但恐龙只留下了化石，可龟却顽强地生存至今，故乌龟象征长寿。龟贵谐音，故又有富贵的寓意。所以，古代把龟作为图腾，足说明对龟的崇拜程度之深了。

Ancient Yu Xia, the ancients used to use Guibei as money. During Shang period,the augur content was carved on tortoise plastron, thereby leaving the \"oracle\". Historians have also come to know the story of ancient times

古代虞夏时，古人还曾以龟贝，作为货币。殷商时期，人们将占卦的内容刻于龟板上，从而留下“甲骨文”。迄今历史学家还根据甲骨文来认识上古的故事。

According to Oracle .In \" Rites of Zhou, spring officer\" there was an official position has called\" turtle\would hold a turtle to show respect. During the Warring States period, the turtle is decorated in the general banner, which means\" the forefront of the prophet \" . During the Han Dynasty ,the turtle pattern were casted on coins , also casted Yuan turtle in Jiuding, known as \"turtle Ding\national guard device, where the emperor to analogy. When the employer wanted to move capital,he must migrate turtle tripod first.At that time,the govt of Prime Minister , should use gold beetles as the top of India. The Tang Dynasty officials above \"five Ping\" must wear\" turtle bag\officers above three or more must wear gold turtle, and officer above four must wear silver turtle

in their robe, fifth officer wearing turtle.

《周礼‧春官》中有叫做“龟人”的官，职责就是掌六龟之属，若有祭祀，则奉龟以往，以示祭祀的隆重。战国时候，大将的旗帜以龟为饰，是“前列先知”的意思，令中军也以龟为号。汉武帝时代钱币上铸有龟图案，还以元龟铸九鼎，称为「龟鼎」，作为国家之守器，以喻帝位之所在。帝王迁都，必先迁移龟鼎，当时诸侯、丞相的官印，都用黄金铸成的金龟作印纽。唐代五品以上的佩带“龟袋”，三品官以上佩戴金龟，四品官佩戴银龟，五品官佩戴铜龟。

Turtle culture has infiltrated into the ancient philosophy.In the Warring States period five elements: turtle represents\" water\of quality of\" wisdom\".Turtle has become the first of the prophet fetish. 龟文化还渗透到古代哲学中，战国时期的五行说认为：龟代表“水”，表示颜色中的“黑”，占卦方位的“北”，象征品质中的“智”，龟已成为先行先知灵物。

There are many works of the turtle, \"the tortoise and the hare\praise to tortoise , Emperor Wu Wei Cao Cao.\" although turtle is longevity\ a model in ancient Chinese literature .

历代关于龟的作品也很多，乌龟与鹰、龟兔赛跑等故事都是对乌龟的赞美,魏武帝曹操的《龟虽寿》，即是中国古文学借龟言志的典范之作。

Plants :

Mei Lan Zhu Ju: plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum. Known as the \"four gentlemen\\"four gentlemen\". Quality are: pride, quiet, strong, light. Plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum has become the symbol of Chinese sense of Yu Zhi, one of the most common and Yongwu poetry and literary painting theme, is rooted in the aesthetic realm of personality fascinated. The common characteristic is its unremitting self-improvement, Tsinghua University, which among them, don't be Meishi condition.

梅兰竹菊指：梅花，兰花，竹，菊花。被人称为“花中四君子”、“四君子”。品质分别是：傲、幽、坚、淡。梅、兰、竹、菊成为中国人感物喻志的象征，也是咏物诗和文人画中最常见的题材，正是根源于对这种审美人格境界的神往。共同特点是自强不息，清华其外，澹泊其中，不作媚世之态。

Plum blossom moral: strong, elegant and loyalty.

梅花寓意：坚强、高雅和忠贞。

Five plum blossom petals, Wu Fu is a symbol. One is happy, happy is the two, three long, four smooth, five is the best we can hope for peace.

梅花五瓣，是五福的象征。一是快乐，二是幸福，三是长寿，四是顺利，五是我们最希望的和平。

Since ancient times, people have praised it Ao Xue spirit, it alone does not compete with the flowers in spring Gao Jie beauty.The plum blossom symbolizes firm and indomitable, never yield in spite of reverses, fought at the head, unremitting self-improvement spirit quality.

自古以来，人们都赞美它的傲雪精神，它的孤独的不与百花争春的高洁的美。梅花象征坚韧不拔，百折不挠，奋勇当先，自强不息的精神品质。梅花寓意：坚强、高雅和忠贞。梅花象征坚韧不拔，百折不挠，奋勇当先，自强不息的精神品质。

Orchid 兰花

Orchid originated in China, rumored to Japan and korea. The Japanese to Chinese orchid interest in China, its history is the beginning. The Japanese planted LAN has been a system, for the development of so-called \"Oriental Orchids\" base. As for North Korea, orchid also essential to become the Korean people advocating thing, and make the orchid become the people of North Korea as the elegant flowers, display in the room, apartment, the lobby. More wonderful is, they will flower as a senior gifts to gifts.

兰艺发源于中国，外传至日本及朝鲜。现今日本对中国兰花的兴趣甚浓，其历史渊源

也是由中国开始。现今日本栽兰已自成体系，发展为号称“东洋兰”的基地。至于朝鲜方面，兰艺也必不可少地成为朝鲜人民崇尚之物，并使兰花成为当今朝鲜人民作为高雅的花卉，陈设于居室、寓所、大堂之中。更为令人称颂的是，他们将兰花 作为一种高级的礼品来馈赠。 Orchid never please in person, rather than transplantation in the bustling city, once left the beautiful land, unavoidable for dirt stained. Therefore, the orchid is suitable only for few people tread in the deep place, is only suitable for open in the ideal state of poets in.A symbol of political alienation, the preservation of their own dirty good personality quality.As the intelligent part of the universe. Blue as flowers to English, Cymbidium naturally into the people the spiritual world, the orchid the tradition of the Chinese nation to carry forward the quintessence of Chinese culture, Portland will, and common progress

兰花从不取媚于人，也不愿移植于繁华都市 ，一旦离开清幽净土，则不免为尘垢玷污。因此，兰花只适宜于开在人迹罕至的幽深所在，只适宜于开在诗人们的理想境界中。 象征着疏远污浊政治、保全自己美好人格的品质。人为万物之灵．兰为百花之英，愿兰蕙自然进入人们心灵的世界，共同将兰艺这种中华民族的传统的国粹发扬光大，以兰会友，共同 进步。

Bamboo 竹子

Bamboo in the wind rustling sound, in the night under the shadow of lichtung, let the poet deeply moved, and bamboo green has weathered the fierce character, more let poets as fellow, so the Chinese literati of the residential premises are planted with bamboo.

竹在清风中簌簌的声音，在夜月下疏朗的影子，都让诗人深深感动，而竹于风霜凌厉中苍翠俨然的品格，更让诗人引为同道，因而中国文人的居室住宅中大多植有竹子。

And with it the \"Jin Festival\\"empty\\"depression\" personality, the poet in the full pondering his man of the wind. The \"Jin Festival\representing the unyielding Festival *; the \"void\ 并以它那“劲节”、“虚空”、“萧疏”的个性，使诗人在其中充分玩味自己的君子之风。它

的“劲节”，代表不屈的节*；它的“虚空”，代表谦逊的胸怀，它的“萧疏”，代表诗人超群脱俗 。

Bamboo is a Chinese symbol for longevity because of its durability, strength, flexibility and resilience. It survives in the harshest conditions, and seems to endure through all the brutalities mother nature can dish out - still standing tall, and staying green year-round. Its flexibility and adaptability are a lesson to us all that the secret of a long happy life is to go with the flow.

竹子还因为它耐力，力量， 灵活性，顺应力成为长寿的象征。他能够幸存在极端严酷的环境中，忍受大自然所有的残酷，任然屹立高耸，常年青绿。 Chrysanthemum 菊花

Chrysanthemum more as a symbol of the dual personality and appear in the poem painting, the neutralization indifferent evacuation temperament, after anxious depressed and poet and obtain spiritual quiet fit. So the appreciation of chrysanthemum, has become a leisure and contentment, and double the spirit symbol.

菊花更作为士人双重人格的象征而出现在诗中画里，那种中和恬淡的疏散气质，与诗人经历了苦闷彷徨之后而获得的精神上的安详宁静相契合。因而对菊花的欣赏，俨然成为君子自得自乐、儒道双修的精神象证。

Pine and Cypress 松柏

Because of their steadfastness even in the most harsh weather conditions, pine trees are honored Chinese symbols for long life. The pine is often depicted in Chinese art with other symbols of longevity such as the peach, the god Sau, deer, and also mentioned in the tales of the Eight Immortals. Having pine trees on your property is said to be highly auspicious. Take care to always keep these healthy as they will assure long happy lives for you and all those who live upon your property.Whats’more,unlike the other trees,the pine trees do not wither during winter and thus represents the noble endurance in the face of adversity and is often depicted as popular and auspicious motif in Chinese decorative arts.

松柏是常绿乔木,喜温抗寒,中国人民自古以来就对松树怀有一种特殊的感情,常用松柏象征坚强不屈的品格,并把松、竹、梅誉为“岁寒三友”。

松柏象征的意义是:坚贞。松枝傲骨峥嵘,柏树庄重肃穆,且四季长青,历严冬而不衰。《论语》赞曰:岁寒然后知松柏之后凋也。松与竹、梅一起,素有“岁寒三友”之称。文艺作品中,常以松柏象征坚贞不屈的英雄气概。

Lotus 莲花

The lotus is the flower of sixth month and summer.Lotus blossoms are often depicted as a throne for the Buddha ,and the lotus is one of the Eight Auspicious of Buddhism. To the Chinese it symbolizes ultimate purity and perfection because it rises untainted and beautiful from the mud. Every part of the plant, from roots to petals can be put to good use and has medicinal properties. As such, the plant as a whole, conveys deep significance. Esoterically, it represents inward emptying and outward splendor and this conveys the true nature of reality according to the Buddhist philosophy.

荷花盛开在六月，盛开的莲花常被描述为是佛家的宝座，而且本身就是佛教的吉祥之一。对中国人来说，是一种“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”的纯洁与完美的象征，从莲藕到花瓣都有各种功用，并且有着特殊的药效。整体上，则传达出更深层的涵义，中通外直，既有内在的谦虚，又有外在的辉煌，象征着佛教思想的本质。