高级英语1课后LESSON+6--11翻译练习

Ⅻ. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the following words or expressions in the brackets:

1）汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上的第一名学生。

Tom was every bit as intelligent as the top boy in his class. 2）对贫困的担心使他忧虑重重。

He was obsessed with fear of poverty. 3）洞庭湖盛产鱼虾。

Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps. 4）在压力下，他别无办法，只好离职。

Under pressure, he had no other choice but quit office. 5）那时许多儿童死于天花。

Many children succumbed to small pox then. 6）他发现船舱里进了很多水，十分惊恐。

Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded. 7）直到半夜医生才做完这项复杂的大手术。

Not until midnight did the surgeon finish this big and complicated operation. 8）彼得的特点真是如此。 That's Peter all over. 9）历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。

The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations. 10）新上演的那出话剧充分表现了年轻人的追求与烦恼。

The pursuit and anxiety of young people finds full expression in the newly-staged play.

B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1 The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. (Para.2)

马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。

2 All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. (Para.4)

所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。

3 Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. (Para.5)蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。

4. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para.5)

从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克•吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。

5 His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to trend setting on the West Coast..他对那儿的拓荒者们的描写使西海岸地区富有创新精神的现代人倍感亲切。―(Para.9)

6 Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land. (Para.13)译文‖他信口开河地对一些受人景仰的艺术家和艺术珍品加以鄙薄，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。

7 The widder eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell – everything's so awful reg'lar a body can't stand it.\" (Para.16)译文：那寡妇家吃饭要听钟声，睡觉要听钟声，起床也要听钟声，什么事情都得规规矩矩，简直叫人受不了。‖

8 His raft flight down the Mississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panorama(全景)for exploration of American society. (Para.17)译文：他同一个逃跑出来的奴隶一起乘坐木筏沿着密西西比河顺流而下的漂流航程展现了一幅幅揭示美国社会生活全貌的生动画面。 9 \"... they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed – a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.‖ (from National Geographic, Sept., 1975) (Para.22)译文：―……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。‖

C. Translate Paragraphs 1 and 15 into Chinese:

1. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 译文：在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

15. As early as 1870 Twain had experimented with a story about the boyhood adventures of a lad he named Billy Rogers. Two years later, he changed the name to Tom, and began shaping his adventures into a stage play. Not until 1874 did the story begin developing in earnest. After publication in 1876, Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. Tom's mischievous(顽皮的)daring, ingenuity(机灵), and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. 译文：早在1870年，马克•吐温就试着写了一篇关于一个他名之为比利•罗杰斯的男孩子的童年历险故事。两年后，他又将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并着手将故事改编成剧本。直到1874年他才开始认真地扩展故事情节。《汤姆•索亚》于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪•莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像《宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。

LESSON 7

V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions in the brackets:

1)一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。(to burn ... to the ground)

A big fire burned to the ground more than 300 homes in the slum neighborhood.

2)只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。(to look sb. in the eyes)

If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you will be able to look anyone in the eye.

3)这件衬衫与裙子的颜色和式样都不相配。(to match)

This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the skirt.

4)咱们一边喝咖啡一边谈这件事吧。(over something)

Let's talk about the matter over a cup of coffee.

5)他无法想象为什么人们反对他的看法。(to imagine)

He couldn't imagine why people were opposed to his suggestions.

6)这位在下汽车时碰到两个。(to confront)

Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists.

7)只要我们坚持这些原则，我们就会成功。(to stick to)

As long as we stick to these principles, we will surely be successful.

8)这个消息使她大为震惊，但她很快就镇定了下来。(to recompose)

She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself.

9)这段典故的来源很难查找到。(to trace)

It is very difficult to trace the origin of the reference. B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1. I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon.

我会在脑子里等她。昨天下午我和麦琪把院子打扫得非常干净，还留下了扫帚的波纹。 2. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house.

硬实的土地被扫得像房间地面一样干净，四周的细沙布满不规则的细纹，这是谁都可以进来坐坐，抬头望望榆树，享受一下房里吹不到的微风。

3. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.

麦琪走路时就是这个样子，自从大火将另一间房子夷为平地后，她一直这样走路，头低到了胸脯，眼睛看着地，脚在地上拖沓。

4. Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie‘s arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes.

有时我似乎仍能听到在燃烧的声音，感到麦琪用手紧紧抓着我，他的头发冒着烟，她的衣服被烧成黑灰一片片地脱落。她的眼睛睁得大大的，亮亮的，眼中反射出闪耀的火光。

5. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutters up on the outside.

没有真正的窗户，就是在墙上挖了些洞，就像船上的舷窗一样，不圆不方的，再用皮筋拴住窗格挂在外面。

6. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. 她拍的每张照片都一定不会少了这房子。

7. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood.

不用将眼睛凑近去细看也可以看出搅乳棒把柄上由于长年累月握着搅动而留下的凹陷的握痕。

8. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra‘s uniform that he wore in the Civil War. 还有一小块褪了色的兰布片，大小只相当于一个小火柴盒，那是从依兹拉曾祖父在南北战争时穿的军服上拆下来的。

B. Translate Paragraph 5, 6 and 11 into Chinese:

5. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. 现实生活中我是个大块头的妇女，有着一双干男人活的粗糙的手。冬天我穿着法兰绒的睡袍睡觉。白天穿着工作服干活。我能像一个男人一样毫不留情地杀猪并收拾干净。身上的脂肪能使我在零度的天气里不怕冷。我能整天在户外干活，破冰取水洗衣服。刚从猪身上掏出来的猪肝还冒着热气，就在明火上考几分钟后我就能吃。有一年冬天我用大铁锤对准牛两眼之间的额头部分狠砸下去，宰了一头小牛，并在天黑之前把牛肉挂起来烘干了。当然所有这些都不能在电视上播出。在电视上我应该像我女儿所希望的那样：体重轻一百磅，皮肤像没有烤过的大麦饼一样漂亮。炙热的灯光下我的头发熠熠发光。我口齿伶俐就连约翰.卡森想跟上我的思维都很吃力。

6. But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.

但这是一个错误。我没醒来之前就知道这是个错误。谁又认识那个快嘴约翰呢？谁敢想象我会直视一个陌生白人男性的眼睛呢？和他们谈话我会随时准备开溜，头也扭得尽可能的远，这似乎才是我。但迪伊就不是这样。他总是可直视任何人的眼睛。犹豫迟疑不是她的天性。 11. I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks‘ habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn‘t necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.

过去我常以为她讨厌麦琪。但那是在我和教堂筹钱送她去奥古斯塔上学之前的事了。过去她也常常给我们念点东西，总是毫不顾忌地将白人的文字、谎言和生活习惯、生活方式强加给我们。我们被她的声音困在那里，完全不知所措。她总是给我们灌输一大堆虚假的东西和我们完全没必要了解的知识。她强迫我们听她正经严肃地念书，可是当我们刚刚似懂非懂的时候，她又把我们像傻子一样地抛在一边。

LESSON 8

V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions in the brackets:

1)当他被人从河里救出来时，几乎半死不活了。(more ... than)

when he was saved from the river, he was more dead than alive.

2)在我上一次访问这个村子时，那里还没有学校。现在一所小学已经屹立在山顶上。(previous)

In my previous visit, there was no school, but now one stands on the top of a mountain.

3)他恢复了知觉，睁开眼睛，想努力搞清楚发生了什么事，为什么他躺在那里。(to figure out)

As he came to himself, he opened his eyes, trying to figure out what had happened and why he was lying there.

4)展览会上最吸引观众的是新奇的电子产品。(novel)

At the exhibition there were many novel electronic products that attracted the attention of visitors.

5)温室里的许多奇花异草引起了大家争先拍照。(exotic)

People were keen on taking pictures of the many exotic flowers and plants in the green house.

6)这位作家出生于一个大家庭，他的家谱可以追溯到十五年前。(to stretch back)

This writer came from a large, prominent family whose genealogy(家谱; 系谱学) stretches back fifteen generations.

7)当地少数民族在杀牲口前，先要举行一番宗教仪式，请求上苍允许他们杀生。(to request permission)

Before killing an animal, the indigenous(土生土长的)ethnic(种族的)people usually hold rituals to request permission from their God.

8)村民们贫穷的事实并非说明他们就愚昧无知。(the fact that)

The fact that the villagers are poor doesn‘t mean they are ignorant or stupid.

9)志愿者们的共同努力使得项目开展起来了。(to get off the ground)

The volunteers made concerted(合拍调的; 协力一致的)efforts and got the project off the ground.

10)登山者感到头晕，几乎站立不住，一是由于过度疲劳，也是因为太饥饿了。(as much from…as from)

The climber felt so dizzy that he could hardly stand up, as much from over exhaustion (疲惫，衰竭)as from starvation

B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1 The rocks look more like an ancient ruin than the building blocks of a new school.这

些石头看上去更像是古老的废墟而不是新学校的建筑石块。

2 The previous writer, before leaving Korphe, Mortenson had driven tent pegs into the frozen soil and tied red and blue braided nylon cord to them, marking out a floor plan of five rooms he imagined for the school.前一个冬天，当摩顿森离开科尔飞时，他把固定

帐篷用的木桩打进冻土，并系上红蓝两色编制的尼龙绳，来标识他心中有五间房子的学校的范围。

3. Koephe‘s mosque had adapted to a changing environment over the centuries, much like the people who filled it with their faith.科尔飞的清真寺在过去的几个世纪里根据环境的变化而变化，如同挤在寺里的人们一样随着时间改变了他们的信仰。

4. With Mortenson, he measured out the correct lengths, dipped the twine in a mixture of calcium and lime, then used the village‘s time-tested method to mark the dimensions of a construction site. 他和莫顿森一起测量了确切的长度，把绳子浸在钙和石灰的混合液里，然后用村子里经过时间考验的土办法标出了工地的长宽范围。

5. Haji Ali and Twaha pulled the cord taut and whipped it against the ground, leaving white lines on the packed earth where the walls of the school would stand.哈吉.阿里和

儿子塔瓦哈把绳子拉得紧绷绷的，然后朝地面上用力弹了一下，在夯实的地面上留下了白色的线条，那些线条就是将来学校的墙壁竖立起来的地方。

6. When the trench was done, Haji Ali nodded toward two large stones that had been carved for this purpose, and six men lifted them, shuffled agonizingly toward the trench, and lower them into the corner of the foundation facing Korphe K2.当沟挖好

时，哈吉.阿里冲两块切割好了的大石头点点头，这时，六个男人抬起石头艰难地移动着步子朝挖好的沟移动，然后将石头慢慢放到面向乔戈里峰的科尔飞村的地基角落处。

7. It was so big that it was dragging Twaha, who was doing his best just to hold on as the animal led him to its own execution.‖“公羊太大了，以致于即使塔瓦哈用尽最大的力气，也是公羊拽着他往前走，一步一步接近公羊的屠宰者”

8. ―Watching this scene straight out of the Bible stories I‘d learned in Sunday school,‖ Mortenson says, ―I thought how much the different faiths had in common, how you could trace so many of their traditions back to the same root.‖“目睹这个和我在主日学

校学到的《圣经》故事一模一样的场面，我不禁想到不同的信仰之间有着如此多的相似之处，而且，人们可以将其传统追溯到同一个根源。”

9. After the last bone had been beaten and the last strip of marrow sucked dry, Mortenson joined a group of men who build a fire by what would one day soon, he hoped, become the courtyard of a completed school.在最后一块骨头被敲碎，最后一条骨

髓被吸干后，摩顿森加入到一群男人中，他们点燃了一堆篝火，那里正是他期望的不久将竣工的学校的院子。

10. A thousand feet below, Korphe, green with ripening barley fields, looked small and vulnerable, a life raft adrift on a sea of stone. 在他们脚下一千英尺之处，即将成熟的

大麦田将科尔飞染成一片翠绿色，它看上去如此渺小和脆弱，就像在一片石头海洋中漂泊的一叶小小的救生筏。

11. ―Long after all those rams are dead and eaten this school will still stand.‖“那只公羊很快就会被吃光，但这个学校将会长久地屹立着。”

12. ―I realized that everything, all the difficulties I‘d gone through, from the time I‘d promised to build the school, through the long struggle to complete it, was nothing compared to the sacrifices he was prepared to make for the people.“我意识到我经历的

所有困难，从承诺盖一所学校开始，到为建成学校而进行的长期斗争，所有这些与他为自己的村民准备做出的牺牲相比都是微不足道的。”

C. Translate Paragraph 52 and 53 into Chinese:

52. When the porcelain bowls of scalding butter tea steamed in their hands, Haji Ali spoke. ―If you want to thrive in Baltistan, you must request our ways,‖ Haji Ali said, blowing on his bowl. ―The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time you take tea, you are an honored guest. The third time you share a cup of tea, you become family, and for our family, we are prepared to do anything, even die,‖ he said, laying his hand warmly on Mortenson‘ own. ―Doctor Greg, you must make time to share three cups of tea. We may be uneducated. But we are not stupid. We have lived and survived here for a long time.‖装着滚烫黄油奶茶的瓷碗在他

们手中冒着热气。哈吉.阿里终于开口了“如果你想在巴尔蒂斯坦取得成功，你就是尊重我们的生活方式”哈吉。阿里边说边喝着他碗里的茶。“当你第一次跟巴尔蒂人喝茶的时候，你是个陌生人；第二次喝茶，你就是我们的贵客；第三次再和我们一起喝茶，你就是我们的家人了；而为了家人，我们会无怨无悔地做任何事，甚至不惜牺牲生命。”他边说边把手亲切地放在摩顿森的手上说。“葛瑞格医生，你必须舍得花时间去喝这三杯茶。我们虽然没受过教育，但是我们并不愚笨，我们已经在这里生存很久了。”

53. ―That day, Haji Ali taught me the most important lesson I‘ve ever learned in my life,‖ Mortenson says. ―We Americans think you have to accomplish everything quickly. We‘re the country of thirty-minute power lunches and two-minute football drills. Our leaders thought their ‗shock and awe‘ campaign could end the war in Iraq before it even started. Haji Ali taught me to share three cups of tea, to slow down and make building relationships as important as building projects. He taught me that I had more to learn from the people I work with than I could ever hope to teach them.‖“那一

天，哈吉。阿里给我上了一生中最重要的一课，”摩顿森说。“我们美国人认为你必须尽快把每件事情完成。我们是个以三十分钟的商务午餐和两分钟完成足球训练而闻名的国家。我们的领导人认为我们发动的“震慑”军事行动能在战争开始之前就结束伊拉克战争。哈吉。阿里则教我花时间喝上三杯茶，把速度放慢，像重视建立学校一样重视建立 与他人的关系。他使我意识到，从和我一起工作的人们身上，我能够学到的东西要比我自己认为能够教给他们的东西多”

LESSON 9

V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions in the brackets:

1. 他把网上的流传当成一个笑话，不予理睬。（dismiss as）

He dismissed the story circulating on the Internet as a joke.

2. 马克.吐温的《竞选州长》是一篇著名的短篇故事。（run for）

Mark twain‘s ―Running for Governor‖ is a famous short story.

3. 对于遭受灾难的人们，我们应该毫无保留地帮助他们。（reach out to）

We should reach out without reservation to those who suffer from disasters.

4. 考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作成绩还是相当不错的。（given）

Given their lack of experience, their work should be considered as above average.

5. 她是在华裔人占主导地位的社区里长大的。（predominantly）

She grew up in a community where the inhabitants were predominantly of Chinese origin.

6. 心情不好不能成为你对同事粗暴的理由。 （justify）

Being in a bad mood cannot justify your rude behavior toward your colleagues.

7. 警方把这件事视作“误解”而草草了事。（dismiss as）

The police dismissed the incident as a case of misunderstanding.

B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1. Two hundred and twenty-one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a group of

men gathered and, with these simple words, launched America's improbable(不大可能的)

experiment in democracy(民主政体). (Para. 2) 221年前，在对面街角那座至今仍旧巍然挺立的大厅中，

一群美国自由的先驱聚集在一起，用简单的语词，启动了在当时看来不可能完成的民主试验。

2. It was stained(沾污)by this nation's original sin(原罪)of slavery, a question that divided the

colonies and brought the convention to a stalemate(僵持)until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least twenty more years, and to leave any final resolution[(议会等的)决定]to future generations. (Para. 3) 它沾上了这个国家奴隶制的原罪。在那个不得不妥协的（是否保留奴隶制）

的问题上各殖民地莫衷一是，将整个会议引入夭折的泥潭。联邦的创建者们选择将这个问题留给后人来解决，一个至少允许奴隶制存在20年的妥协不想一直延续了220多年。

3. It's a story that hasn't made me the most conventional(因袭的)candidate. But it is a story that

has seared(枯萎；凋谢)into my genetic[遗传(学)上的]makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its parts—that out of many, we are truly one. (Para.9 ) 这段唯一的故事把我和其他的候选

人区别开来，也在我的心中烙下了对这个国家最基本的理解——“合众为一”。

4. Instead, they expressed a profoundly(深深地)distorted(使歪扭) view of this country—a view

that sees white racism as endemic[(某民族)特有的]and that elevates(抬高) what is wrong with

America above all that we know is right with America; a view that sees the conflicts in the Middle East as rooted primarily in the actions of stalwart(绝对忠实的，可靠的)allies like Israel[以色列(亚洲)], instead of emanating(起源)from the perverse(的)and hateful ideologies(思想方式)of radical(极端的)Islam(教，回教). (Para.15 )而是将这个国家彻底地、极度地扭曲——这种看法认为白人种族主

义根深蒂固，把美国所有问题的根节置诸于这个伟大国家的种种优点之上；它还认为中东冲突的症结在于我们坚定盟友以色列的胡作非为，而非源自极端主义充满仇恨的意识形态。

5. Those stories—of survival, and freedom, and hope—became our story, my story; the blood

that had spilled(溢出，泻出，涌流)was our blood, the tears our tears; until this black church, on this bright day, seemed once more a vessel(器皿) carrying the story of a people into future generations and into a larger world. (Para. 19) 这些关于生存、自由和希望的故事，也渐渐成为了我们的故事、我的

故事，故事里抛洒的热血是我们的热血，挥洒的是我们的眼泪，晴朗的天空下，黑人教堂就好像一艘航船，满载着一个民族的故事缓缓驶进我们的后代，驶向更加宽广的世界。

6 The church contains in full the kindness and cruelty(残酷), the fierce intelligence and the

shocking ignorance(无知), the struggles and successes, the love and yes, the bitterness(苦难；悲哀)and biases[成见，先入之见，偏执，偏见 (opp. impartiality)] that make up the black experience in America. (Para.20 ) 三一教堂的礼拜充满喧闹的笑声，不时还有些荤秽的打趣。他们跳舞、拍手、尖叫

或是喧闹，不常来的人还真的会受不了。这些教堂将美国黑人的一切囊括其中，仁慈与残忍、绝顶智慧与浑浑噩噩、奋争与成功、爱与恨以及痛苦与偏见。

7. Not once in my conversations with him have I heard him talk about any ethnic(部落的)group

in derogatory(贬义的)terms, or treat whites with whom he interacted(相互作用，相互影响)with

anything but courtesy(礼貌,殷勤;周到;亲切)and respect. (Para. 21) 我从来没听到过他用贬损的语言贬

低其它族裔，他从来都是用礼貌和敬意来对待与他交往的白人。

8. We would be making the same mistake that Reverend Wright made in his offending(得罪人

的)sermons[(宗教)布道；讲道；说教]about America—to simplify and stereotype(使符合成规旧习)and

amplify(扩大，放大)the negative to the point that it distorts reality. (Para. 25)我们就会犯和耐特一样

的错误――简单化、脸谱化，将消极面放大到足以扭曲真实的程度。

C. Translate Paragraph 17 and 18 into Chinese:

17. Given my background, my politics, and my professed(公开声称的)values and ideals, there

will no doubt be those for whom my statements of condemnation(谴责)are not enough. Why associate myself with Reverend Wright in the first place, they may ask? Why not join another church? And I confess(承认)that if all that I knew of Reverend Wright were the snippets(片断)of those sermons(布道；讲道；说教)that have run in an endless loop(环状物)on the television and You Tube, or if Trinity United Church of Christ conformed to[一致；遵照；依据(to, with)]the caricatures (丑化)being peddled[传播(谣言等)；兜售(理论等)]by some commentators, there is no doubt that I would react in much the same way. 由于我个人背景、政治经历、价值观和理想的缘故，不论我怎么谴

责耐特，总会有人不依不饶，对他们来说发表声明予以谴责是远远不够的。他们的问题几乎是一样的，为什么我会和如此极端一个人做了这么多年朋友？为什么我不加入另一个教会？坦白讲，你们可能是对的，如果我对耐特牧师的全部了解仅限于那些在电视和 上循环播放的布道片断，如果三一联合教堂仅仅是某些评论者所恶意歪曲的那般模样的话。

18. But the truth is, that isn't all that I know of the man. The man I met more than twenty years

ago is a man who helped introduce me to my Christian faith, a man who spoke to me about our obligations to love one another, to care for the sick and lift up the poor. He is a man who served his country as a U.S. Marine(海军), who has studied and lectured at some of the finest universities and seminaries[神学校(院)]in the country, and who for over thirty years led a church that serves the community(社会)by doing God's work here on Earth—by housing the homeless, ministering(帮助) to the needy, providing day care services and scholarships and prison ministries(服务), and reaching out to those suffering from HIV/AIDS. 但是据我了解，耐特并不完全是这个样子。我二十

多年前认识的是这样一个人，他使我皈依了信仰，教导我与众人相亲相爱，交给我我照顾病人帮助弱小的责任。他曾在美国海军陆战队为国家服役，曾在这个国家的最高学府和神学院学习并讲学。主持教堂工作三十多年期间，他勤恳服务当地社区，按上帝的旨意在人世广播福祉——收留无家可归的人，救人于疾苦，提供婴幼儿日托服务，为学生提供奖学金，到监狱探视犯人并为他们祷告，还向艾滋病患者和艾滋病毒感染者伸出援助之手。

LESSON 10

V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions in the brackets:

1. 这些在贫困中成长的孩子很珍惜他们得到的每一个机会。(come of age)

These kids who have come of age in poverty treasure every opportunity they get.

2. 我们克服了种种困难，终于在一个偏远的山村里建立了一所小学校。(overcome the odds)

After overcoming the odds, they succeeded in building a primary school in a remote village in the hills.

3. 虽然地震的惊恐已经过去，但他还是惊魂不定，心有余悸。(haunt)

Although the earthquake shock was over, she was still haunted by fear.

4. 越来越多的人懂得，经济的发展不能以牺牲生态环境为代价。(at the expense of)

More and more people have come to realize that economic development should not be promoted at the expense of the environment.

5. 这几个年轻人凭着热情和努力白手起家干起了一番事业。(from scratch)

With enthusiasm and effort, these young people have built a business from scratch. 6. 只有少数人实现了他们的梦想，大多数人没有成功。(make it)

Only a few have realized their dreams and the majority failed to make it. 7. 肉类生产也是促成碳排放的原因。(contribute to)

The production of meat contributes to carbon emissions.

8. 人类与自然的关系在许多早期的文学作品里就经常得到体现。(find expression)

The relations between man and nature have found expression in many early literary works.

B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1. Legalized discrimination—where blacks were prevented, often through violence, from owning property, or loans were not granted to African-American business owners, or black home owners could not access FHA(住房管理局)mortgages(抵押贷款), or blacks were excluded from unions, or the police force, or fire departments—meant that black families could not amass(积聚)any meaningful wealth to bequeath[把„传给(后代)] to future generations. That history helps explain the wealth and income gap between black and white, and the concentrated pockets(凹处，穴)of poverty that persist in so many of today's urban and rural communities. 那些合法的歧视――

通过暴力禁止黑人拥有财产，拒绝给非裔美国业主放贷，黑人买房无法享受联邦住房管理局的抵押贷款，黑人被拒绝进入工会局和消防队 ——意味着黑人家庭无法为自己的下一代积累起足够多的财产。

2. And the lack of basic services in so many urban black neighborhoods—parks for kids to play in, police walking the beat[(巡警等的)巡逻区域], regular garbage pick up, and building code(规则，准则) enforcement—all helped create a cycle of violence, blight(扼杀，打击), and neglect(忽视)that continues to haunt us. 众多城市黑人社区基本社区服务的缺乏——如小孩儿玩耍的公园、巡逻、按时垃圾回收和强制建筑标准——最终导致一个无法摆脱的暴力、破败和忽视的恶性循环。

3. Just as black anger often proved counterproductive(起反作用的), so have these white resentments distracted attention from the real culprits(犯人，罪犯)of the middle-class squeeze(挤压，压榨)—a corporate(共同的，全体的)culture rife(流行的，盛行的；普遍的；大量的，丰富的)with inside dealing, questionable accounting practices, and short-term greed; a Washington dominated by lobbyists and special interests; economic policies that favor the few over the many. And yet, to wish away the resentments of white Americans, to label them as misguided or even racist, without recognizing they are grounded in legitimate concerns— this, too, widens the racial divide, and blocks the path to understanding. 和黑人们的情感宣泄常常带来消极作用一样，白人们的愤怒常常让他

们忽略了压榨中产阶级的罪魁祸首——充斥着肮脏内幕交易、问题重重的会计活动、短视贪婪逐利行为的公司文化；被游说者和有特别利益诉求的人占领的华盛顿以及偏向少数利益群体的经济。

4. Contrary to the claims of some of my critics, black and white, I have never been so naive as to believe that we can get beyond our racial divisions in a single election cycle, or with a single candidacy(提名候选)—particularly a candidacy as imperfect as my own. 与那些批评我的人，不论黑

人白人，所持观点刚好相反，我从未天真地以为种族问题的隔阂能够因为一次选举而药到病除，更非一次

参选能够明显改善，而且我也不是一个完美的参选者。

5. But I have asserted(主张，硬说；断言，声明)a firm conviction(确信，坚信)—a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my faith in the American people—that working together we can move beyond some of our old racial wounds, and that in fact we have no choice if we are to continue on the path of a more perfect union.但是我已经坚定了自己的信念——这个信念植根于我对上帝的信仰和

对美国人民的信仰——携起手来我们才能治愈种族主义的顽疾，事实上，如果希望在建立一个更加完善联邦的路上越走越远，我们别无选择。

6. In the white community, the path to a more perfect union means acknowledging that what ails(使苦恼，使烦恼)the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black people; that the legacy of discrimination and current incidents(小事件)of discrimination—while less overt[(证据等)明显的，公开的，公然的 (opp. covert)]than in the past—are real and must be addressed[应付，处理(问题等)]. 对于白人来说，通向更完善联邦的道路意味着需要承认非裔美国人所面

临的痛苦并非仅仅只存在于黑人的心中。种族歧视的历史是真实的，种族其实的现状，虽不及过去严重，但也依然存在，是需要着手解决的。

7. In the end, then, what is called for is nothing more, and nothing less, than what all the world's great religions demand—that we do unto(与 to 同，但不能用作不定式的符号) others as we would have them do unto us. 事实上，我们所呼吁的刚好与这个世界宏伟的宗教理念相契合——将欲取之，必先与之。

8. This union may never be perfect, but generation after generation has shown that it can always be perfected. 这个联邦也许永远都不会完美，但是一代又一代的经验告诉我们，总有机会让它变得更好。 C. Translate Paragraph 39 into Chinese:

39. For the African-American community, that path means embracing(拥抱，抱)the burdens of our past without becoming victims of our past. It means continuing to insist on a full measure(标准，准

绳)of justice in every aspect of American life. But it also means binding(使„承担义务)our particular grievances (不平，不满)—for better health care, and better schools, and better jobs—to the larger aspirations(愿望，抱负)of all Americans—the white woman struggling to break the glass ceiling, the white man who has been laid off, the immigrant trying to feed his family. And it means taking full responsibility for our own lives—by demanding more from our fathers, and spending more time with our children, and reading to them, and teaching them that while they may face challenges and discrimination in their own lives, they must never succumb[屈服；死 (to)] to despair

(绝望，失望)or cynicism(愤世嫉俗); they must always believe that they can write their own destiny(命运). 对黑人社区来说，这条道路意味着勇敢地接过历史的包袱而不被历史所荼毒；意味着继续

在社会的各个方面为正义而奔走疾呼；但是，这同样意味着我们必须把自己 的诉求——诸如更好的医疗、更好的教育、更好的工作——与全体美国人联系在一起——立志打破玻璃天花板的白人妇女、失业的白人男子以及为家庭而打拼的移 民；意味着我们要为自己的生活负责——以更高的要求衡量我们的父亲，花更多的时间陪孩子，给他们读书，教他们如何处理可能发生在他们身上的种族歧视，告诉 他们无论如何也 要自暴自弃或愤世嫉俗，要让他们坚信命运就在自己的手中。

LESSON 11

V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions in the brackets:

1. 政治局势的新变化使得这两个比较小的政党结成同盟。(alliance)

Changes in the political situation brought the two small parties into alliance.

2. 他的失败在于他的性情而不是能力。(disposition)

His failure was due to his disposition rather than his ability.

3. 我有一个重要的问题想和你讨论，你能抽出半个小时吗？(spare)

I have something important to discuss with you. Can you spare half an hour? 4. 有很多人喜欢在网上聊天，这样他们可以免除当面谈话时可能遇到的尴尬。(spare)

Many people prefer to chat online as this can spare them any awkwardness that may occur when talking face to face.

5. 这些河流再也不清澈了，河水的质量降低到了劣五级，连灌溉农田都不能用了。(no longer)

No longer are rivers clean and clear, and the water quality has reduced to worse than Level V, unfit even for agricultural irrigation.

6. 文章虽短，但其象征性含义却很丰富，值得深入分析。(as it is)

Short as it is, the article is very rich in symbolic implications which deserve a thorough analysis.

7. 雪山高耸入云，其神秘的美丽无与伦比。(beyond all comparison)

The snow mountain reached into the sky, its beauty beyond all comparison.

8. 他从小离开家，和父亲很少见面，所以在父亲面前总是有些拘束。( at home) He left home as a child and has seen little of his father since then. So he never feels at home in his father’s presence.

9. 这次会议十分重要，谁也不得无故缺席。(without cause at home)

As this meeting is very important, nobody should be absent without cause. 10. 在她的记忆中，母亲既严厉又慈爱。(at once and) In her memory, her mother was at once severe and kind. B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1. But, beautiful as it is, one might have the sense of confinement(幽禁)there. 虽然黄石地区很美．但人们可能有受束缚、被禁锢的感觉。

2. The skyline(天际线)in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages(裂缝)of shade(幽暗).放眼望去，四周天际线近在咫尺，伸手可及。这天际线是一道树的高墙和一条条幽深的裂缝。

3. In July the inland slope of the Rockies(落基山脉)is luxuriant(繁茂的)with flax (亚麻)and buckwheat(荞麦), stonecrop[(植物；植物学)景天]and larkspur(飞燕草). 七月，落基山脉面向平原的内坡上长满了亚麻、荞麦、景天和翠雀等各种植物。

4. Sweet clover(三叶草，车轴草) takes hold of the hills and bends upon itself to cover and seal(封住)the soil. 苜蓿长满了山丘，她低垂的叶子盖到地上，密密地封住土壤。 5. When the Kiowas(克尔瓦人) came to the land of the Crows(克罗人), they could see the dark lees(沉积物)of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River(比格好恩河), the profusion(大量，充沛，丰富)of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity(造物主)ranging after the solstices(至点；最高点)克尔瓦人来到克罗人的土地上，他们在黎明时，隔着比格好

恩河可以看到山的背阴处，明媚的阳光照在层层的庄稼地上。最古老的造物主便起源于这高高的地方。

6. At the top of a ridge(山脊)I caught sight of Devil's Tower(魔鬼塔)upthrust(向上的一推)against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth(地核)had broken through its crust[(地质学；地理学)地壳] and the motion of the world was begun.在一座山脊顶上，我看到魔鬼塔高高插入灰蒙蒙的天空，似乎在时间诞生之时，地核开裂，地壳破裂，宇宙的运动从此开始。

7. My grandmother had a reverence(崇敬之情)for the sun, a holy regard that now is all but gone out of mankind.我的祖母对太阳怀有崇敬之情。然而，现在人们的这种感情已经没有了。

8. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. 我当时的视线正好能看到那只蟋蟀像块化石镶在满月之中。

9. It had gone there, I thought, to live and die, for there, of all places, was its small definition(界说)made whole and eternal(永远的，永久的；不变的，不朽的).我猜想，那蟋蟀到

那里去生活和死亡，是因为只有在那里它小小的价值才能变得完整和永恒。

C. Translate Paragraph 1 into Chinese:

1. A single knoll((圆丘，土墩)rises out of the plain in Oklahoma(俄克拉荷马), north and west of the Wichita Range(维奇塔山脉). For my people, the Kiowas(克尔瓦人), it is an old landmark(界标), and they gave it the name Rainy Mountain(雨山). The hardest weather in the world is there. Winter brings blizzards[(美国)雪暴，暴风雪], hot tornadic(龙卷风的) winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie(大草原)is an anvil‘s[(铁)砧]edge. The grass turns brittle(易碎的)and brown, and it cracks (噼啪噼啪地响)beneath your feet. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks(小溪), linear(线状的；细长的)groves（小树林，树丛，园林)of hickory(山核桃属植物)and pecan(美洲山河桃树), willow and witch hazel(金缕梅). At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage[(树的)叶子]seems almost to writhe[.(痛苦等时)折腾]in fire. Great green and yellow grasshoppers(蚱蜢) are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up(爆裂开)like corn(玉米花）to sting(刺，螫，叮)the flesh(肉), and tortoises(乌龟)crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in the plenty of time. Loneliness(寂寞荒凉)is an aspect of the land. All things in the plain are isolate(疏离开来的); there is no confusion(混同，混淆)of objects in the eye, but one hill or one tree or one man. To look upon that landscape(大地)in the early morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion(比例). Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation(天地万物)was begun. 一座孤零零的小山在俄克拉荷马的草原上

拔地而起，它的西面和北面是维奇塔山脉。对于我们克尔瓦人来说，它是个古老的界标，我们给它取名叫雨山。这里有世界上最恶劣的天气。冬季有大暴风雪，春季就刮起了飓风，到了夏季，草原热得就像铁砧一样。草变得又脆又黄。沿着河流和小溪，是长长的绿带，有一排排的山核桃树、柳树和金缕梅。从远望去，七八月里的树叶热得冒烟，犹如在火中挣扎。高高的草地上到处都是大个儿的黄绿色的蚱蜢．像玉米花一样爆裂开，刺得人痛。乌龟在红土地上爬行，不知要去何处。寂寞荒凉是这里的一大特点。草原上的一切都是疏离开来的，所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。要么只是一山，要么只是一树、一人。清晨，太阳在你的背后冉冉升起，此时观看大地，你会失去平时的比例感。你会张开想像的翅膀，并认定这就是上帝造设宇宙的起始点。